QUICK FACTS BIBLE STUDY INDEX
TESTING TRADITIONAL TEACHINGS AGAINST THE BIBLICAL EVIDENCE
- For many years I believed what I had been taught about God, Jesus Christ, and the Trinity without personally examining the biblical evidence in depth.
- Over time I became convinced that every doctrine should be tested carefully against Scripture itself.
- Acts 17:11 encourages believers to examine the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so.
- This blog is the result of years of studying Scripture, comparing manuscripts, examining the Greek and Hebrew texts, and asking one simple question: What does the Bible actually say?
- My aim is to encourage every reader to examine the Scriptures carefully and allow God's Word to speak for itself.
Jesus said: 'Seek, and you will find.' (Matthew 7:7)
Welcome to my complete Quick Facts Bible Study Index.
QUICK FACTS — COMPLETE SCRIPTURE INDEX
OLD TESTAMENT
GENESIS → MALACHI
▶ RELATED RESEARCH: 38 Trinity Contradictions — Comparing the Trinity Claim With the Word of God READ RELATED ARTICLE
▶ RELATED RESEARCH: Ephesians 3:9 — Did Paul Really Write “Who Created All Things by Jesus Christ”? READ RELATED ARTICLE
▶ RELATED RESEARCH: Hebrews 1:10 — Did God Really Say to the Son, “You Laid the Foundation of the Earth”? READ RELATED ARTICLE
NEW TESTAMENT
MATTHEW → REVELATION
MATTHEW 7:21–23
Quick Facts: Matthew 7:21–23 — Then I Will Tell Them, “I Never Knew You”
Jesus gives one of his strongest warnings when he says that not everyone who calls him “Lord” will enter the Kingdom of Heaven. This study examines who Jesus was warning, what it means to do the will of his Father, and why professing Jesus as Lord is not by itself sufficient if a person's faith and actions do not correspond with his teaching. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
Mark 10:18 — If Jesus Is Good, Does That Mean Jesus Is God?
Jesus said, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except one—God.” Does this statement prove that Jesus is God, or was Jesus distinguishing himself from the One God? This study examines Mark 10:18 in its biblical context. ▶ NEW RESEARCH: Mark 10:18 — If Jesus Is Good, Does That Mean Jesus Is God? READ ARTICLE
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MARK 12:28–34
JOHN 1:14
Who Is the True and Only Begotten Son of God? What did John mean when he wrote that “the Word became flesh,” and how does this relate to Jesus being the only begotten Son of God? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: What Is the “Word” and the “Glory” as Spoken About Jesus by John 1:14? READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
JOHN 6:38
John 6:38 — How Did Jesus Come Down From Heaven? Does Jesus saying that he “came down from heaven” prove that he consciously lived in heaven before his birth, or can biblical language about coming from heaven describe divine origin, commission and authority? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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JOHN 6:62
John 6:62 — “Ascending Where He Was Before”
When Jesus asked what his disciples would think if they saw the Son of Man “ascending where he was before,” was he necessarily describing a conscious existence in heaven before his birth? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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JOHN 8:24
John 8:24 Quick Facts — “Unless You Believe That I Am He?” What did Jesus mean when he warned, “Unless you believe that I am he, you will die in your sins”? Was Jesus claiming to be God Almighty, or identifying himself as the promised Christ and Son of God? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: John 8:24 — What Did Jesus Mean by “Unless You Believe That I Am He”? READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
JOHN 8:40
John 8:40 — Why Do Some Translations Leave Out the Words “A Man”?
Jesus said, “But now you seek to kill Me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God.” Why do some Bible translations appear to leave out the words “a man”? This study examines the Greek text, different Bible translations, and why John 8:40 is important when considering who Jesus said he was. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: John 8:40 — Why Do Some Translations Leave Out the Words “A Man”? READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: John 8:40 — The FALSE Trinitarian Translations, And MORE Biblical Facts Jesus Did NOT PRE-EXIST His Flesh. READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
John 8:58 — What Did Jesus Mean by “Before Abraham Was, I Am”? Does Jesus' statement “Before Abraham was, I am” mean that he was claiming to be Yahweh, or should his words be understood in the wider context of his identity as the promised Messiah? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: The False Translations of John 8:58 READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
John 10:30 — What Did Jesus Really Mean When He Said, “I and the Father Are One”? When Jesus said “I and the Father are one,” was he declaring that he and the Father are one God, or was he describing the unity he shares with his Father? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ RELATED NEW RESEARCH — JOHN 10:30–36: Quick Facts: Does John 10:30–36 Really Prove Jesus Said He Is God? Jesus' opponents accused him of making himself God in John 10:33, but how did Jesus himself answer their accusation in John 10:36? READ RELATED ARTICLE
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JOHN 13:3
John 13:3 — Did Jesus Really “Return” or “Go Back” to God? When John says that Jesus “came from God and was going to God,” does the Greek text actually say that Jesus was returning or going back to God, or are those words interpretive additions found in some translations? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ALSO EXAMINES: John 16:28 — “I Leave the World and Go to the Father”
JOHN 14:6
Quick Facts: John 14:6 — What Did Jesus Mean by “I Am the Way, the Truth, and the Life”? Jesus said, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father, if not by Me.” Does this identify Jesus as the Father or Almighty God, or does Jesus describe himself as the unique way to the Father? ▶ READ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH:
JOHN 14:9
John 14:9 — If You Have Seen Me, You Have Seen the Father. What did Jesus mean when he told Philip, “Whoever has seen me has seen the Father”? Was Jesus saying that he literally is the Father, or that he perfectly reveals the invisible God who dwells in him and works through him? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
JOHN 14:16–18
Who Is the “Helper” or “Advocate” Jesus Promised?
When Jesus promised his disciples “another Advocate”, who did he mean? Is the Holy Spirit a separate third coequal Person of the Trinity, or does Scripture present the Spirit as God's own Holy Spirit, sent by the Father in Jesus' name? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: Quick Facts: Who Is the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, in John 14:26? READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: Is the “Helper” in John 14:16 the Third Person of the Trinity? READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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JOHN 14:26
Quick Facts: Who Is the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, in John 14:26? Jesus said the Father would send “the Advocate, the Holy Spirit” in his name. Who is this Advocate, and does Jesus explicitly identify the Holy Spirit as a third coequal and coeternal Person of the Trinity, or does the wider biblical evidence present the Spirit as God's own Holy Spirit sent through His Son? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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JOHN 17:3
John 17:3 — Jesus Confirmed That the Father Alone Is the Only True God. Jesus prayed to his Father: “that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.” Who did Jesus identify as “the only true God,” and how did he distinguish himself as the Christ whom God sent? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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JOHN 17:5
Quick Facts: Does John 17:5 Prove Jesus Was God Before the World Existed? Jesus prayed about “the glory that I had with You before the world existed.” Does this prove that Jesus personally existed with the Father before his human birth—and, even if it did, would that prove that Jesus is Almighty God? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ RELATED DETAILED RESEARCH: John 17:5 — Did Jesus Exist with the Father Before the World Began? READ DETAILED ARTICLE
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JOHN 20:28
Did Thomas Believe Jesus Was God? — “My Lord and My God” When Thomas said to the risen Jesus, “My Lord and my God,” was Thomas declaring that Jesus was Almighty God, or should his words be examined alongside Jesus' teaching about the Father and John's stated purpose for writing his Gospel in John 20:31? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: Did Thomas Believe Jesus Was God? | John 20:28 Quick Facts READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: John 20:28 — What Did Thomas Mean by “My Lord and My God”? READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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ACTS 2:27
Acts 2:27 — Does the Bible Say Jesus Went to Hell?
The King James Bible says, “thou wilt not leave my soul in hell,” while other translations render the Greek word *Hades*. Does Acts 2:27 teach that Jesus went to a place of fiery punishment after his death? This study examines the wording of Acts 2:27 and what it means for the biblical teaching about death, Hades, Hell and the resurrection. ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: Acts 2:27 — The FALSE Translation of “Hell” in the King James Bible READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ACTS
ACTS 7:55–56
Quick Facts: Who Did Stephen See in Heaven? When Stephen looked into heaven, he saw “the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.” What does this vision tell us about the relationship between God and Jesus, and particularly the claim that the Father and Son are the same person? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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ACTS 7:59
Does Acts 7:59 Really Say Stephen Was “Calling Upon God”? Stephen directly addressed the risen Jesus, saying, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” But does the original Greek actually contain the words “calling upon God,” and does this verse explicitly identify Jesus as God? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: Acts 7:59 — Earlier Investigation READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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ACTS 20:28
Acts 20:28 — What Does the Original Greek Really Say?
Did Paul say that God purchased the church “with His own blood,” or can the Greek be understood as referring to the blood of His own Son? This study examines the Greek text, manuscript evidence, Bible translations and translator footnotes surrounding this debated passage.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: Acts 20:28 — What Does the Original Greek Really Say? READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: Acts 20:28 — Did Paul Really Say That God Purchased the Church With His Own Blood? READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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ROMANS
ROMANS 9:5
Quick Facts: Does Romans 9:5 Really Call Jesus “God Over All”? Does Romans 9:5 identify Jesus as “God over all,” or can the final words be understood as a doxology of praise to God? This study examines the Greek text, ancient punctuation, Bible translations and Paul's own language elsewhere. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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1 CORINTHIANS
1 CORINTHIANS 8:6
1 Corinthians 8:6 — One God the Father and One Lord Jesus Christ Paul writes that for Christians there is “one God, the Father” and “one Lord, Jesus Christ.” What does the original Greek actually say, and do some English translations introduce interpretive words such as “created,” “were created,” “Creator,” or “Jehovah” that are not explicitly present in the Greek text? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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2 CORINTHIANS
2 CORINTHIANS 5:8
Quick Facts: Are Dead Christians Already Alive in Heaven? When Paul spoke about being “absent from the body” and “at home with the Lord,” was he teaching that Christians immediately live consciously in Heaven when they die, or should 2 Corinthians 5:8 be understood alongside Paul's teaching about the resurrection, immortality and Christ's return? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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EPHESIANS
EPHESIANS 3:9
Ephesians 3:9 — Did Paul Really Write “Who Created All Things by Jesus Christ”? Some Bible versions contain the words “who created all things by Jesus Christ” in Ephesians 3:9. Are the words “by Jesus Christ” supported by the earliest Greek manuscript evidence, or were they introduced into the text later? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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PHILIPPIANS
PHILIPPIANS 2:6
Philippians 2:6 — Did Paul Really Say About Jesus, “Though He Was God”? Does Paul literally say that Jesus “was God” in Philippians 2:6, or does the Greek say that Christ was “in the form of God”? This study examines the Greek expression en morphฤ Theou and compares it with interpretive Bible translations. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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Quick Facts: Philippians 2:7 — The Correct Meaning of “Emptied Himself”
What did Paul mean when he said Jesus “emptied Himself”? Does the verse say that Jesus emptied himself of deity in order to become a human being, or is Paul describing Christ's self-humbling, servanthood, obedience and sacrificial giving of himself? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: Philippians 2:7 — The Correct Meaning of “Emptied Himself” READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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COLOSSIANS
COLOSSIANS 1:15
The True Meaning and Misunderstanding of Colossians 1:15 What did Paul mean when he called Jesus “the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation”? Does “firstborn” mean that Jesus was the first being God created, or does the biblical evidence point to Christ's rank, resurrection and preeminence? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: The TRUE Meaning and Misunderstanding of Colossians 1:15 READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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COLOSSIANS 1:16–17
WHY Colossians 1:16 Is NOT About the Genesis Creation
Does Colossians 1:16 teach that Jesus created the original heavens and earth in Genesis, or is Paul describing Christ's authority, rulership and God's new creation? This study examines Paul's wording, including “thrones,” “dominions,” “rulers” and “authorities,” together with the surrounding context. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: The TRUE Meaning and Misunderstanding of Colossians 1:16 and 1:17 READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Colossians 2:9 — Does This Verse Really Teach That Jesus Is God? Paul says that in Christ “all the fullness of the Deity dwells bodily.” Does this mean that Jesus is Almighty God, or is Paul describing the fullness of God dwelling in Christ? This study examines the Greek wording, the meaning of theotฤs, translations such as “Deity” and “Godhead,” and the surrounding biblical context. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
1 TIMOTHY
1 TIMOTHY 3:16
1 Timothy 3:16 — “God Was Manifest in the Flesh” or “He Who”? Does the original Greek of 1 Timothy 3:16 really say “God was manifest in the flesh”? This study examines the important textual variant between ฮธฮตฯฯ (theos, “God”) and แฝฯ (hos, “who/he who”), together with early Greek manuscript evidence and modern critical texts. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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TITUS
TITUS 2:13
Titus 2:13 — Does This Verse Prove Jesus Is God? Does Titus 2:13 identify Jesus Christ as “our great God and Savior,” or can Paul be understood as referring to God the Father and Jesus Christ? This study examines the Greek grammar, Paul's wider language about God and Christ, and the alternative interpretations of this disputed passage. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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HEBREWS
HEBREWS 1:1–2
Hebrews 1:1–2 — Did God Speak Through His Son in Old Testament Times? Hebrews contrasts God speaking “long ago” through the prophets with speaking “in these last days” through His Son. Does this mean the Son was God's spokesman throughout Old Testament history, or does Hebrews present God's revelation through His Son as belonging particularly to these last days? The study also considers what this passage can—and cannot—prove about Jesus' pre-existence. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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HEBREWS 1:2
Hebrews 1:2 — Has the Greek Word Aiลnas Been Misunderstood? Does Hebrews 1:2 actually say that God created the “worlds” or “universe” through His Son? This study examines the Greek word ฮฑแผฐแฟถฮฝฮฑฯ (aiลnas), its meaning of “ages,” why some translations render it “worlds” or “universe,” and what this means for the question of Jesus' pre-existence. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE — Hebrews 1:2
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HEBREWS 1:8
Does Hebrews 1:8 Really Call Jesus the One True God? Hebrews 1:8 can legitimately be translated “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever.” But does Jesus being addressed as “God” mean that He is the One True God Almighty? This study examines Hebrews 1:8 together with Hebrews 1:9, where the Son is told, “God, Your God, has anointed You,” and considers the original context of Psalm 45. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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HEBREWS 1:10
Hebrews 1:10 — Did God Really Say to the Son, “You Laid the Foundation of the Earth”? Does Hebrews 1:10 teach that Jesus created the heavens and the earth, or does the passage require a closer examination of the quotation from Psalm 102, where the words concerning the foundation of the earth are addressed to Yahweh? This study examines the original Old Testament context and how the quotation is used in Hebrews. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
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2 PETER
2 PETER 1:1
2 Peter 1:1 — Another Trinitarian Misunderstanding? Does Peter's expression concerning “our God and Savior Jesus Christ” identify Jesus as God, or is there another way to understand the Greek construction? This study examines 2 Peter 1:1, its grammar and context, and the important distinction throughout the New Testament between God the Father and Jesus Christ. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
1 JOHN 3:16
1 John 3:16 — Did the King James Bible Add “Of God”? Does the original Greek of 1 John 3:16 contain the words “of God”? This study compares the KJV with different Greek textual traditions and examines whether John wrote that God laid down His life, or that Jesus Christ laid down His life for us. Your updated article also carefully acknowledges that Beza's 1598 Greek text contains tou theou (“of God”), while other important Greek traditions omit it. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
1 JOHN 4:1–3
Who Are the False Prophets and What Is the Spirit of the Antichrist?
John warns Christians to “test the spirits” because many false prophets had already gone out into the world. This study examines what John means by the Spirit of God and the spirit of the antichrist, what it means to confess that Jesus Christ came in the flesh, and why every teaching about the identity of Jesus should be tested against Scripture. Importantly, the article also makes clear that 1 John 4:3 does not explicitly say that Trinitarians are antichrists. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
1 John 5:7 — The Johannine Comma: The Most Famous Textual Variant in the New Testament?
Is the famous wording about “the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one” original to John's letter? This study examines the Greek manuscripts, early translations and textual history behind the Johannine Comma, which is absent from the overwhelming majority of ancient Greek manuscript evidence. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL ARTICLE: READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
1 John 5:20 — Who Is “The True God”?
John writes that “the Son of God has come” so that we may know “Him who is true,” before concluding, “He is the true God and eternal life.” Who does “He” refer to—the Father or Jesus Christ? This study examines the immediate context, the Greek grammar, and especially John's earlier statement in John 17:3, where Jesus addresses the Father as “the only true God.” ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE ▶ OLD ARTICLE: READ ORIGINAL A
JUDE 1:5
Jude 1:5 — Who Saved Israel Out of Egypt, the Lord or Jesus?
Jude 1:5 contains an important textual variant: some ancient Greek manuscripts read “Jesus,” while others read “the Lord.” This study examines the manuscript evidence, Codex Sinaiticus, the history of the critical Greek text, and the Old Testament passages identifying Yahweh as the One who brought Israel out of Egypt. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL ARTICLE: READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
REVELATION
REVELATION 1:5
Revelation 1:5 — Does “Firstborn” Mean Jesus Was the First Person God Created?
Revelation calls Jesus “the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth.” What does the biblical title “firstborn” (prลtotokos) actually mean? This study compares Revelation 1:5 with Colossians 1:15–18 and Psalm 89:27, examining whether “firstborn” means first-created, or can describe Christ's resurrection, rank, kingship and preeminence. The article carefully notes that Revelation 1:5 itself neither proves nor disproves Jesus' personal pre-existence. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
REVELATION 1:8, 1:11, 21:6 & 22:13
Who Is the Alpha and the Omega?
Who does Revelation actually identify as “the Alpha and the Omega”? This study examines all four passages—Revelation 1:8, 1:11, 21:6 and 22:13—comparing their speakers, surrounding context and manuscript evidence. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL ARTICLE: READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
REVELATION 1:11
Revelation 1:11 — Did Jesus Really Say “I Am Alpha and Omega”?
Did the original Greek text of Revelation 1:11 contain the words “I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last”? This study compares the KJV wording with the early Greek manuscript evidence and explains why many modern translations omit the disputed words.
1. NEW UPDATED ARTICLE — 2026 Quick Facts: Did Jesus Really Say “I Am Alpha and Omega” in Revelation 1:11? READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
2. EARLIER ARTICLE — MAY 2017 Revelation 1:11 — Are the Words “I Am Alpha and Omega” Original? READ EARLIER ARTICLE
3. OLDEST ARTICLE — FEBRUARY 2017 Revelation 1:11 — Did the Original Greek Say Jesus Is the Alpha and Omega? READ OLDEST ARTICLE
Quick Facts: Are the Dead Alive or Dead? What the Bible Really Teaches.
HELL, THE HUMAN SOUL & THE SECOND DEATH
What Does the Bible Really Teach About Hell, Eternal Punishment, the Human Soul and the Final Fate of the Unsaved?
This collection examines some of the most important Bible passages used to support the traditional doctrine of eternal conscious torment. The studies investigate the biblical meaning of the human soul, Gehenna, eternal punishment, “forever and ever,” the lake of fire, the second death, and the final fate of the unsaved.
Rather than beginning with later Christian tradition, each study asks what the relevant passage means in its immediate biblical context and how it compares with the wider testimony of Scripture.
The Bible's Truth About Eternity, Hell & the Human Soul
THE HUMAN SOUL
The Human Soul — Does the Bible Teach an Immortal Soul?
Does Scripture actually teach that every human being possesses an immortal soul that continues consciously after death? This study examines Genesis 2:7, Ezekiel 18:4, the Hebrew word nephesh, and other passages to investigate what the Bible means when it speaks about a soul. ▶ FULL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
LUKE 16:19–31
The Rich Man and Lazarus — What Did Jesus Really Mean?
The story of the Rich Man and Lazarus is frequently used as evidence that people remain consciously alive after death and that the wicked immediately experience torment. This study examines Luke 16:19–31 in its context and asks whether Jesus was giving a literal description of the afterlife or using a story to communicate a deeper warning to his hearers. ▶ FULL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
Quick Facts: Luke 16:23 – Are the Dead Alive and Burning in Hell?
QUICK FACTS: LUKE 16:23 DOES LUKE 16:23 REALLY TEACH THAT THE DEAD ARE ALIVE AND BURNING IN HELL? FULL ARTICLE HERE:
MARK 9:44
Mark 9:44 — What Did Jesus Mean by “Their Worm Does Not Die”?
Jesus warned about Gehenna, where “their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.” Does this describe immortal people consciously suffering forever? This study examines Jesus' quotation from Isaiah 66:24, its Old Testament context, and what the imagery of the undying worm and unquenchable fire originally described. ▶ FULL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
MATTHEW 25:46
Matthew 25:46 — What Did Jesus Mean by “Eternal Punishment”?
Jesus contrasts “eternal punishment” with “eternal life” in Matthew 25:46. Does eternal punishment necessarily mean an eternal process of conscious torment, or can it describe a punishment whose result is permanent? This study examines the passage alongside the Bible's teaching concerning death, destruction, eternal life and the second death. ▶ FULL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
REVELATION 14:11
Revelation 14:11 — Does “Forever and Ever” Really Mean Forever?
Revelation 14:11 says that “the smoke of their torment goes up forever and ever.” This study examines the Greek expression behind “forever and ever,” the symbolism of Revelation, and its Old Testament background to ask whether the passage necessarily teaches that the wicked remain consciously alive and burning for all eternity. ▶ FULL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
REVELATION 20:10
Revelation 20:10 — Does the Devil Burn Forever?
Revelation 20:10 says that the devil is thrown into the lake of fire and describes torment “day and night unto the ages of the ages.” This study examines the Greek expression ฮตแผฐฯ ฯฮฟแฝบฯ ฮฑแผฐแฟถฮฝฮฑฯ ฯแฟถฮฝ ฮฑแผฐฯฮฝฯฮฝ and asks whether it necessarily means endless conscious torment. It compares Revelation 20:10 with Revelation 14:11, biblical judgment imagery, Christ's victory over the devil, and Revelation's description of the lake of fire as “the second death.” ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL ARTICLE: READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
THE FINAL FATE OF THE UNSAVED
Scriptures Proving the Unsaved Will Not Have Eternal Life
What does Scripture repeatedly say happens to those who ultimately reject God? This study brings together passages concerning death, destruction, perishing, mortality, eternal life and the second death and compares them with the traditional belief that the unsaved remain consciously alive forever in hell.
It examines the fundamental biblical contrast between the promise of eternal life and the warning that “the wages of sin is death.” ▶ FULL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
THE ONE TRUE GOD
Is God Really a Compound Unity Called the Trinity?
The doctrine of the Trinity teaches that the one God exists as three distinct Persons — Father, Son and Holy Spirit. But does Scripture itself define the ONE GOD in this way?
This study examines the biblical meaning of God's oneness, including the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:4, Jesus' quotation of it as the greatest commandment in Mark 12:29, Jesus identifying His Father as “the only true God” in John 17:3, and Paul's declaration that “for us there is one God, the Father” in 1 Corinthians 8:6. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
THE TRINITY MYSTERY
Does Three Who Are God Really Equal One God?
The Trinity teaches that the Father is God, the Son is God and the Holy Spirit is God, while maintaining that there is only one God. But how does the Bible itself identify that one God?
This study compares the later Trinitarian formulation with some of Scripture’s clearest statements about God, including Jesus calling the Father “the only true God” in John 17:3 and Paul declaring “one God, the Father” in 1 Corinthians 8:6. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
THE THRONE OF GOD
Who Is on the Throne of God — One God or Three?
When the Bible describes the throne of God, who does it actually identify as God? This study examines passages including Matthew 22:44, Hebrews 12:2 and Revelation 3:21, which distinguish God from Jesus Christ, His Son, who is exalted at God's right hand.
It compares these throne passages with the biblical declarations that there is “one God, the Father” and that “the Lord our God is one Lord.” ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
38 TRINITY CONTRADICTIONS
Comparing the Trinity Claim With the Word of God
Does the traditional doctrine of the Trinity agree with the Bible’s own statements about God, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit?
This study begins a detailed comparison between Trinitarian doctrine and Scripture, examining claims about the identity of the One True God and testing them against passages that identify the Father as God and Jesus as His Son and Messiah. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
PAUL AND THE TRINITY
Does Paul’s Teaching Support the Trinity?
Paul wrote extensively about God and Jesus Christ. But how did Paul actually identify them?
This study examines Paul's repeated distinction between God the Father and Jesus Christ, including his declaration in 1 Corinthians 8:6 that “to us there is one God, the Father” and “one Lord, Jesus Christ,” and asks whether Paul's own language presents the One God as three coequal persons. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
THE HOLY SPIRIT
What Is the Holy Spirit?
Does the Bible actually teach that the Holy Spirit is a separate third coequal and coeternal Person within one triune God?
This study examines what Scripture calls the Holy Spirit — including the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Yahweh, “His Spirit” and “My Spirit” — while also considering passages where the Spirit speaks, teaches, guides, empowers and can be grieved. It asks whether these biblical descriptions require the later Trinitarian formulation of a distinct third divine Person. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE TRINITY
Is the Holy Spirit of Yahweh Ever Taught as a Separate Third Person?
The doctrine of the Trinity identifies the Holy Spirit as a distinct third Person who is coequal and coeternal with the Father and the Son. But does Scripture itself ever explicitly define God's Spirit in those terms?
This study examines the biblical language used for the Holy Spirit and asks whether the Spirit of Yahweh is ever actually described as a separate third Person within one triune God. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
JESUS GOD OR THE SON OF GOD?
Over 100 Questions for Those Who Believe Jesus Is God
What does the Bible actually require Christians to believe about the identity of Jesus Christ?
This extensive study presents more than 100 questions drawn from Scripture, examining what Jesus said about Himself, what the Father said about His Son, and how the apostles identified Jesus. It challenges readers to test the belief that Jesus is Almighty God against the biblical testimony that He is the Christ, the Son of God. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
ELOHIM — ONE, TWO, OR THREE?
Does “Elohim” Mean One, Two, or Three?
Does the Hebrew word Elohim in Genesis 1:1 provide evidence that God is a plurality of persons?
This study examines the biblical use of Elohim and compares Genesis 1:1 with passages such as Isaiah 44:24, where Yahweh declares that He made the heavens and stretched out the earth. It asks whether the Hebrew word itself teaches a Trinity, or whether that conclusion is being read into the text. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ RELATED DETAILED RESEARCH: IS GOD ONE OR THREE PERSONS?
WHO CREATED THE WORLD?
David Pawson and the Trinity — Did “Gods” Create the World, or Did Yahweh Create It Alone?
Who does Scripture identify as the Creator of the heavens and the earth?
This study examines a Trinitarian argument associated with David Pawson and compares it with Yahweh’s declaration in Isaiah 44:24 that He stretched out the heavens “alone” and spread out the earth “by Myself.” It asks whether Scripture presents creation as the work of several divine persons or identifies Yahweh as the one Creator. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
Quick Facts: Revelation TV – Testing the Trinity Against the Word of God
Does the Bible itself teach the later Trinitarian definition of one God existing as three coequal and coeternal Persons?
This study examines a series of claims presented in Trinitarian teaching and compares them with Scripture concerning the identity of the One God, Jesus Christ as the Son of God, Jesus having a God and the biblical distinction between the Father and His Son.
The central question is simple: where does Scripture itself explicitly define the One God as three Persons? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH
OLD ARTICLE: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
YAHWEH — THE ONE TRUE GOD AND CREATOR
Scriptures Proving Yahweh, the God of Israel, Is the Creator Alone
Who does the Bible identify as the Creator of the heavens and the earth?
This study brings together Scriptures concerning Yahweh, the God of Israel, and examines His repeated declarations that He alone created the heavens and the earth. It compares these statements with New Testament passages concerning God the Father and His Son Jesus Christ and asks how the Bible itself identifies the One Creator. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
JESUS — THE SAVIOR AND SON OF GOD
Unless Jesus Is God, Can He Really Save Us?
Some Christians argue that unless Jesus is Almighty God, He could not be sufficient to die for our sins or save humanity. But is that actually what Scripture teaches?
This study examines the biblical testimony that God sent His Son to be the Savior of the world, that Jesus is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world, and that His saving authority and mission were given to Him by His Father.
It asks whether Jesus must actually be God Himself in order to save us, or whether His sacrifice has its unique saving value because God appointed His sinless Son as the Messiah and Savior.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY — WHO IS JESUS?
Archbishop of Canterbury Preaches a False Christ?
When Jesus asked His disciples, “Who do you say I am?”, Peter answered: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
This study examines the claim that Christ is “God Himself” and compares it with the biblical descriptions of Jesus as the Son of God, the Messiah, the man Christ Jesus and the One sent by the Father.
It asks an important question: should our identification of Jesus come from later theological tradition, or from the identity given to Him in Scripture? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
THE ORIGIN OF THE TRINITY
Did the Doctrine of the Trinity Originate with Jesus Christ and His Apostles?
Did Jesus and His apostles actually teach the later doctrine that the One God exists as three distinct, coequal and coeternal Persons?
This study investigates the biblical and historical question of where the doctrine of the Trinity originated, comparing later Christian formulations with the language used by Jesus and the apostles concerning the One God, the Father, and His Son Jesus Christ.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH:
Did the Catholic Church Create the Doctrine of the Trinity? And Did Later Church Fathers Reject the Earlier Jewish Understanding of the One God? READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH:
How Did the Doctrine of the Trinity Develop in the Early Church? READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
WHAT DID GOD SAY ABOUT JESUS?
Did God Ever Say Jesus Was God?
What did God Himself actually say about Jesus? This study examines God's declarations concerning His Son, including “This is My beloved Son,” together with Jesus' own statements about His Father and His God.
It also examines important passages including John 17:3, John 20:17 and Hebrews 1:8–9, asking whether Scripture ever records God declaring Jesus to be the One True God, or whether God repeatedly identifies Jesus as His Son, Messiah and chosen Christ. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
WAS JESUS WORSHIPPED?
Does Worshipping Jesus Prove That Jesus Is God?
The New Testament records people bowing before Jesus and, in many English translations, “worshipping” Him. But does this automatically prove that Jesus is the One True God?
This study examines the Greek word proskyneล, how the same word can describe worship of God as well as homage or bowing before others, and the extraordinary honour given to Jesus as God's Messiah and Son.
It also examines Jesus' own teaching that true worshippers would worship the Father, while asking an important question: does the fact that Jesus received worship or homage, by itself, prove that He is God? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
WHO SHOULD CHRISTIANS PRAY TO?
Who Did Jesus Say We Should Pray To and Worship?
Who did Jesus Himself teach His followers to pray to and worship?
This study examines Jesus' instructions to “pray to your Father,” His model prayer beginning “Our Father,” His teaching that true worshippers would worship the Father, and His instruction to ask the Father in His name.
It also considers examples where Jesus was directly addressed, including Stephen's words to the risen Christ in Acts 7:59, asking how these passages should be understood alongside Jesus' clear pattern of prayer to the Father. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
IF GOD CANNOT DIE, WHO DIED ON THE CROSS?
Can God Become a Man and Die, as Jesus Did?
Jesus Christ genuinely died for our sins, was buried, and was raised from the dead. But Scripture also describes God as immortal.
This study examines this important distinction, comparing the biblical statements that Christ died with passages describing God as immortal and showing that God raised Jesus from the dead.
It also considers the traditional two-natures explanation that Jesus died according to His human nature while remaining immortal according to His divine nature, and asks whether Scripture itself explicitly gives that explanation. ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH:Can GOD become a MAN, and DIE, as Jesus DID?
FALSE TEACHERS AFTER THE APOSTLES
Who Were the False Teachers After the Apostles?
Jesus and His apostles repeatedly warned that false prophets, false teachers and deceivers would arise. But what happened after the apostles died?
This study examines those New Testament warnings alongside the writings of the early Church Fathers and the later development of Christian doctrine.
It asks an important question: should a teaching be accepted simply because an early Christian writer taught it, or should every teaching — ancient or modern — still be tested against the words of Jesus, the apostles and Scripture? ▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES — TESTING THEIR TEACHINGS
Figure 1. Infographic examining the Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of John 1:1, including the translation "the Word was a god," and comparing it with the biblical context.
Let's Test the Jehovah's Witness Teachings With the Word of God
Jehovah's Witnesses reject the Trinity and distinguish Jesus from Almighty God, but they also teach that Jesus existed before His human birth as Michael the Archangel and was God's first created heavenly being.
But does the Bible actually teach this?
This special research collection examines the major Scriptures used to support these beliefs, including John 1:1, Proverbs 8:22–30, Revelation 1:5, Revelation 3:14 and Colossians 1:15–16, together with the claim that Jesus is Michael the Archangel.
The purpose is not to attack Jehovah's Witnesses as people, but to test these distinctive teachings carefully against Scripture and ask what the biblical evidence actually says.
MAIN JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES INVESTIGATION
Why I Believe the Teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses Are Mistaken
This major updated investigation brings together the biblical evidence concerning several distinctive Jehovah's Witness teachings about Jesus, including John 1:1, Michael the Archangel, Proverbs 8, creation and the claim that Jesus existed as a heavenly being before His human birth.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ NEW UPDATED ARTICLE
The Biblical Facts Jesus Is Not GOD Or An Angel, Or Pre-existed His Flesh!
This earlier investigation examines the identity of Jesus and challenges both the belief that Jesus is Almighty God and the Jehovah's Witness teaching that He existed as an angel before His human birth.
IS JESUS MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL?
Does the Bible Ever Actually Identify Jesus as Michael?
Jehovah's Witnesses teach that Jesus existed before His human birth as Michael the Archangel.
This research examines the biblical descriptions of Michael alongside the titles and descriptions explicitly given to Jesus, asking a simple but important question:
DOES THE BIBLE EVER ACTUALLY SAY THAT JESUS IS MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL?
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: Is Jesus Michael the Archangel?
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: Is Jesus Michael The Archangel!
PROVERBS 8:22–30 — IS WISDOM JESUS?
Was Jesus God's First Creation?
Jehovah's Witnesses interpret the Wisdom described in Proverbs 8 as Jesus before His human birth and use Proverbs 8:22 as evidence that Jesus was produced or created first.
But is Solomon actually speaking about Jesus?
These studies examine the language and context of Proverbs 8 and ask whether Scripture itself identifies the personified Wisdom in this passage as Jesus Christ.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: Quick Facts: Is Jesus the Wisdom in Proverbs 8?
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: The Jehovah’s Witnesses Wrong Teaching of Proverbs 8:22–30!
▶ EARLIER ORIGINAL RESEARCH: What Is The (Wisdom) In Proverbs 8?
JOHN 1:1 — “THE WORD WAS A GOD”?
What Does John 1:1 Really Mean?
The New World Translation famously renders the final words of John 1:1 as “the Word was a god.”
But what does the Greek text actually say, and does John identify the Logos as a pre-existing Jesus at this point in his Gospel?
This research examines the Jehovah's Witness interpretation alongside the biblical and linguistic evidence surrounding one of Christianity's most debated verses.
▶ ORIGINAL JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES RESEARCH: The Jehovah’s Witnesses Wrong Teaching of John 1:1!
COLOSSIANS 1:15 — “FIRSTBORN OF ALL CREATION”
Does “Firstborn” Mean Jesus Was God's First Created Being?
Jehovah's Witnesses understand the description of Jesus as “the firstborn of all creation” as evidence that Jesus was God's first created heavenly being.
But does the biblical word “firstborn” necessarily mean first created?
This research examines Colossians 1:15 and the biblical use of “firstborn,” asking whether the term concerns the time of someone's creation or their position, inheritance and supremacy.
▶ ORIGINAL JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES RESEARCH: The Jehovah’s Witnesses Wrong Teaching of Colossians 1:15!
COLOSSIANS 1:16 — WHO CREATED ALL THINGS?
Did God Create the Genesis Creation Through a Pre-existing Jesus?
Jehovah's Witnesses teach that Jehovah first created Jesus and then created everything else through Him.
This study examines Colossians 1:16 and asks whether Paul is describing the original Genesis creation or speaking within the wider context of Christ's supremacy, reconciliation, thrones, dominions, rulers and authorities.
▶ ORIGINAL JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES RESEARCH: The Jehovah’s Witnesses Wrong Teaching of Colossians 1:16!
REVELATION 3:14 — “THE BEGINNING OF GOD'S CREATION”
Does Revelation 3:14 Mean Jesus Was God's First Creation?
Jehovah's Witnesses appeal to Jesus' description as “the beginning of God's creation” as evidence that Jesus was the first being created by God.
This research examines the meaning of Revelation 3:14 and asks whether the verse really says that Jesus was God's first created person.
▶ ORIGINAL JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES RESEARCH: The Jehovah’s Witnesses Wrong Teaching of Revelation 3:14!
▶ EARLIER ORIGINAL RESEARCH: The Correct Meaning of Revelation 3:14
REVELATION 1:5 — “THE FIRSTBORN FROM THE DEAD”
Does “Firstborn” Mean Jesus Was the First Person God Created?
Revelation 1:5 calls Jesus “the firstborn from the dead.”
This updated study places Revelation 1:5 alongside Colossians 1:15–18 and examines whether the biblical title “firstborn” proves that Jesus was the first person God created.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: Quick Facts: Revelation 1:5 — Does “Firstborn” Mean Jesus Was the First Person God Created?
JESUS — GOD, AN ANGEL, OR THE SON OF GOD?
The Biblical Facts Jesus Is Not GOD Or An Angel, Or Pre-existed His Flesh!
This earlier study brings several of these questions together and examines the biblical identity of Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God and the man appointed by God.
It also examines the claim that Jesus personally existed before His human birth as an angel.
▶ ORIGINAL / EARLIER RESEARCH: READ ORIGINAL ARTICLE
RELATED RESEARCH — FALSE CHRISTS AND FALSE TEACHINGS
Jesus and His apostles repeatedly warned about false Christs, false prophets and false teachings.
These warnings give Christians an important principle: beliefs about God and Jesus should never be accepted merely because a church, denomination, teacher or religious organisation teaches them.
EVERY TEACHING SHOULD BE TESTED AGAINST THE WORD OF GOD.
▶ RELATED DETAILED RESEARCH: False Christs and False Teachings
RELATED RESEARCH — DID JESUS PRE-EXIST HIS HUMAN BIRTH?
Quick Facts: Why Did Jesus Not Pre-Exist His Human Birth?
Jehovah's Witnesses teach that Jesus consciously existed before His human birth as Michael the Archangel. Traditional Christianity also teaches Jesus personally existed before His birth, although it identifies Him as the eternal Son rather than Michael.
This detailed study examines the wider biblical question of Jesus' pre-existence, including Luke 1:35, John 6:38, John 6:62, John 17:5, Hebrews 1:1–2, 1 Corinthians 15, 1 Peter 1:20, and the biblical distinction between Jesus and the angels.
It asks whether Scripture requires Jesus to have consciously existed as a person in heaven before His miraculous conception, or whether His pre-birth existence can be understood in terms of God's foreknowledge, purpose, promises and plan.
▶ RELATED DETAILED RESEARCH: READ RELATED ARTICLE
ADDITIONAL TRINITY RESEARCH
The following studies examine some of the wider questions surrounding the doctrine of the Trinity, the identity of the One True God, Jesus Christ the Son of God, the Holy Spirit, salvation and alternative Christian understandings of God.
Each study should be tested carefully against Scripture.
DOES GOD'S NAME DISPROVE THE TRINITY?
Yahweh — The Only True God
Throughout the Old Testament, the God of Israel identifies Himself by the name Yahweh. Jesus later prayed to His Father and called Him “the only true God” in John 17:3.
This study examines whether the biblical identification of Yahweh as the One God of Israel agrees with the later doctrine that the One God exists as three distinct Persons.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY SPIRIT
Does Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit Prove the Trinity?
Matthew 12:31–32 is sometimes presented as evidence that the Holy Spirit must be a separate divine Person alongside the Father and the Son.
This study examines the immediate context of Jesus' warning, where He says that He cast out demons “by the Spirit of God,” and asks whether the passage actually defines the Holy Spirit as a separate, coequal and coeternal third Person within one triune God.
▶ NEW UPDATED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
IS JESUS GOD — OR THE SON OF GOD?
What Did Jesus Actually Say About Himself?
Rather than beginning with later theological definitions, this study asks a simple question:
WHAT DID JESUS ACTUALLY SAY ABOUT HIS OWN IDENTITY?
It examines Jesus' statements about His Father, His God, His authority and His identity as the Christ and Son of God, comparing them with the later claim that Jesus is God the Son within a triune God.
▶ DETAILED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
JESUS WAS A UNITARIAN MONOTHEIST
Sir Anthony Buzzard — The One God of Jesus
Biblical scholar Sir Anthony Buzzard has argued for many years that Jesus was a Jewish Unitarian monotheist who believed in the One God of Israel.
This research examines that claim alongside Jesus' affirmation of the Shema, His identification of the Father as “the only true God,” and the New Testament distinction between God and His Messiah Jesus Christ.
▶ RELATED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
MY INTERVIEWS WITH SIR ANTHONY BUZZARD
Discussing the One True God, Jesus Christ and the Trinity
For approximately two years I had discussions with biblical scholar Sir Anthony Buzzard concerning the identity of God, Jesus Christ and the doctrine of the Trinity.
This page brings together my interviews and discussions with Sir Anthony and provides further material for readers investigating Biblical Unitarianism and the One True God.
▶ INTERVIEWS AND RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
WHAT'S WRONG WITH MODALISM?
Is the Father the Son, or Are They Distinct?
Modalism, sometimes associated with Oneness theology, teaches a very different understanding of God from classical Trinitarianism.
This study examines whether Scripture presents the Father and Jesus as the same Person or consistently distinguishes Jesus from the Father who sent Him, gave Him authority, raised Him from the dead and is described by Jesus as His God.
▶ DETAILED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
IS BELIEVING JESUS IS GOD REQUIRED FOR SALVATION?
What Does the Bible Say We Must Believe About Jesus?
Millions of Christians have been taught that a person must believe Jesus is God in order to be saved.
But does Scripture actually make that statement?
This study examines the biblical declarations concerning salvation and asks why passages such as John 20:31 and 1 John 5:5 instead emphasise believing that Jesus is the Christ and the Son of God.
▶ DETAILED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
A COMMENT I RECEIVED ON THE TRINITY
Testing Arguments for the Trinity Against Scripture
This article examines a comment and arguments made in defence of the Trinity and compares those claims with Scripture.
Rather than accepting or rejecting an argument because of tradition or denomination, the purpose is to test the claims against the biblical evidence concerning the Father, Jesus Christ and the One True God.
▶ RELATED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
THE PAGAN GODS AND THE CATHOLIC TRINITY
Did Ancient Pagan Religions Have Divine Triads?
Claims are frequently made about similarities between ancient pagan triads and the later Christian doctrine of the Trinity.
This study examines the historical evidence concerning ancient religious triads and asks what such parallels can—and cannot—tell us about the historical development of Trinitarian doctrine.
The ultimate question remains whether the doctrine itself can be demonstrated from Scripture.
▶ HISTORICAL RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
SIR ISAAC NEWTON — GOD, CHRIST AND THE TRINITY
What Did Sir Isaac Newton Really Believe About GOD, Christ, and the Trinity? Sir Isaac Newton is remembered as one of history's greatest scientists, but he also spent many years studying the Bible, early Christianity and the doctrine of the Trinity.
Newton rejected the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity and investigated the textual history of passages used in Trinitarian debates. However, his own beliefs should not simply be assumed to agree with every modern Biblical Unitarian interpretation.
This research examines what Newton actually wrote and believed about God, Jesus Christ, the Trinity and disputed biblical texts. ▶ DETAILED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
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WHO DID THEY SAY JESUS REALLY WAS?
How Did the People Who Knew Jesus Identify Him? Who did Jesus' disciples, apostles and other people recorded in the New Testament actually say Jesus was?
Rather than beginning with later creeds and theological definitions, this study examines the biblical testimony concerning the identity of Jesus and asks whether those closest to Him identified Him as Almighty God, or as the Christ, the Son of God and the man appointed and sent by God. ▶ DETAILED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
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HOW DOES A FALSE GOD AND A FALSE CHRIST HEAR AND SAVE?
Why Does Knowing the One True God and His Christ Matter? Jesus and His apostles repeatedly warned about deception, false Christs and false teachings.
This study examines why the biblical identity of God and Jesus matters, comparing later Christian claims with passages such as the Shema, John 17:3 and other Scriptures distinguishing the One God from Jesus Christ whom He sent. The central question is whether Christians should identify God and Christ according to later religious tradition or according to the testimony of Scripture. ▶ DETAILED RESEARCH: READ ARTICLE
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FINAL QUESTION — WHAT DOES SCRIPTURE ACTUALLY TEACH?
The purpose of these studies is not simply to replace one tradition with another.
Every claim must be tested:
WHO IS THE ONE TRUE GOD?
WHO IS JESUS CHRIST?
WHAT IS THE HOLY SPIRIT?
DID JESUS AND HIS APOSTLES TEACH THE TRINITY?
WHAT DID THE EARLIEST CHRISTIANS ACTUALLY BELIEVE?
Jesus said:
“The foremost is, ‘Hear, Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one.’” — Mark 12:29
And:
“This is eternal life, that they should know you, the only true God, and him whom you sent, Jesus Christ.” — John 17:3
READ THE SCRIPTURES.
EXAMINE THE EVIDENCE.
TEST EVERYTHING.
Research by Simon Brown
wwwrealdiscoveriesorg-simon.blogspot.com
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