Simon Brown.

Join me on this journey. Let's seek the truth together! 💡 Proverbs 8:34-36 Blessed is the man who hears me, watching daily at my gates, waiting at my door posts. For whoever finds me finds life, and will obtain favor from Yahweh. But he who sins against me wrongs his own soul. All those who hate me love death.” Psalm 84: 11 For Yahweh God is a sun and a shield. Yahweh will give grace and glory. He withholds no good thing from those who walk blamelessly. 12 Yahweh of Armies, blessed is the man who trusts in you. 1 John 5:5 Now who is the one overcoming the world, except the one believing that Jesus is the Son of God.

Tuesday, 1 September 2026

Quick Facts: 1 John 3:16 — Did the King James Bible Add “Of God”?


Bible study examining whether the King James Version added “of God” to 1 John 3:16 and whether the verse says God laid down His life.

A Bible-study image investigating the King James Version of 1 John 3:16 and its wording “the love of God.” The research compares Greek textual traditions and asks whether the original verse says that God laid down His life or that Jesus Christ laid down His life for us. Research by Simon Brown.

QUICK FACTS: 1 JOHN 3:16 — DID THE KING JAMES BIBLE ADD “OF GOD”?

Does 1 John 3:16 Really Say That God Laid Down His Life for Us?

Research by Simon Brown

wwwrealdiscoveriesorg-simon.blogspot.com


AN IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE IN 1 JOHN 3:16

There is a striking difference between the King James Version of 1 John 3:16 and most modern translations.

The King James Bible reads:

“Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren.”

1 John 3:16 — KJV

Read naturally, this wording can give the impression that:

GOD LAID DOWN HIS LIFE FOR US.

This is especially significant in the debate over whether Jesus is God, because the person who laid down his life for us was unquestionably:

JESUS CHRIST.

But does the Greek text of 1 John 3:16 actually say:

“THE LOVE OF GOD”?

That is where this investigation becomes very interesting.


WHAT DOES THE GREEK TEXT SAY?

Detailed Bible study infographic examining whether “of God” belongs in 1 John 3:16 and comparing the KJV with Greek textual evidence.

A detailed Quick Facts Bible-study infographic investigating the King James Version wording of 1 John 3:16. It compares the KJV with Stephanus 1550, Beza 1598, Elzevir 1624, the Byzantine Majority Text and the modern critical Greek text, examining the textual variant “of God.” The study asks whether John originally wrote “the love of God” or simply “the love,” and examines the biblical distinction between God who sent His Son and Jesus Christ who laid down His life for us. Research by Simon Brown.

Many important Greek textual traditions read:

Ἐν τούτῳ ἐγνώκαμεν τὴν ἀγάπην...

The important words are:

τὴν ἀγάπην

tēn agapēn

Meaning:

“THE LOVE.”

There is no tou theou“of God” — in this reading.

The Byzantine/Majority Text omits the words.

Stephanus' 1550 Textus Receptus omits them.

Elzevir's 1624 Textus Receptus omits them.

And the modern critical Greek text likewise does not contain them. (Textus Receptus Bibles)

That is extremely important.


BUT THERE IS AN IMPORTANT TEXTUAL VARIANT

In researching this more carefully, we should acknowledge something my original article did not explain.

The words:

τοῦ Θεοῦ

tou theou

“OF GOD”

do appear in Theodore Beza's 1598 Greek New Testament.

Scrivener's later reconstruction of the Greek text underlying the KJV also contains them. (textus-receptus.com)

Therefore, we should not accuse the King James translators of simply inventing the words “of God” and inserting them into the English Bible without any Greek textual basis.

They had a Greek textual tradition available to them that contained those words.

But this leads us to the much more important question:

DO THOSE WORDS BELONG TO THE ORIGINAL TEXT OF 1 JOHN?

That is the real issue.


COMPARE THE GREEK TEXTS

STEPHANUS 1550

Reads essentially:

“BY THIS WE KNOW THE LOVE, BECAUSE HE LAID DOWN HIS LIFE FOR US...”

There is no:

“OF GOD.”

BEZA 1598

Reads:

“BY THIS WE KNOW THE LOVE OF GOD, BECAUSE HE LAID DOWN HIS LIFE FOR US...”

Beza contains:

τοῦ Θεοῦ — “OF GOD.”

ELZEVIR 1624

Again omits:

“OF GOD.”

BYZANTINE / MAJORITY TEXT

Also omits:

“OF GOD.”

So even within editions belonging to the broad Textus Receptus tradition, there was disagreement over these two Greek words. (Textus Receptus Bibles)

This is not merely a difference between the King James Bible and modern translations.

There was a textual difference among the printed Greek editions themselves.


WHAT DOES THE MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE SHOW?

The reading “of God” has comparatively weak Greek manuscript support.

Even a source defending the KJV reading acknowledges that the surviving witnesses supporting it are “few and late.” That source nevertheless argues for retaining the words on contextual grounds. (kjvtoday.net)

This distinction is important.

There are really two separate questions:

1. Did the KJV translators have a Greek source containing “of God”?

YES.

Beza's Greek text contained it.

2. Does that prove “of God” was part of John's original text?

NO.

That question has to be decided from the textual evidence.

And the widespread omission of tou theou is precisely why most modern translations do not put “of God” into 1 John 3:16.


COMPARE THE TRANSLATIONS

KING JAMES VERSION

“Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us...”

NEW KING JAMES VERSION

“By this we know love, because He laid down His life for us.”

WORLD ENGLISH BIBLE

“By this we know love, because he laid down his life for us.”

ENGLISH STANDARD VERSION

“By this we know love, that he laid down his life for us...”

BEREAN STANDARD BIBLE

“By this we know what love is: Jesus laid down His life for us...”

The difference is obvious. (Bible Hub)

Most of these translations do not say:

“THE LOVE OF GOD.”

They say:

“LOVE.”


WHO IS THE “HE” WHO LAID DOWN HIS LIFE?

This is one of the easiest questions in the investigation.

Jesus said:

“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.”

John 10:11

Jesus continues:

“Therefore the Father loves me, because I lay down my life, that I may take it again.”

John 10:17

The person who laid down his life was:

JESUS CHRIST.

So 1 John 3:16 is describing the sacrificial love demonstrated when:

JESUS LAID DOWN HIS LIFE FOR US.


GOD SENT HIS SON

John explains this relationship beautifully in the following chapter:

“By this God's love was revealed in us, that God has sent his only born Son into the world that we might live through him.”

1 John 4:9 — WEB

Notice carefully:

GOD SENT.

and:

HIS SON WAS SENT.

John continues:

“In this is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins.”

1 John 4:10 — WEB

God demonstrated His love by sending His Son.

His Son Jesus Christ laid down his life for us.


PAUL MAKES THE SAME DISTINCTION

Paul writes:

“But God commends his own love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.”

Romans 5:8 — WEB

Notice Paul's language:

GOD SHOWED HIS LOVE.

How?

CHRIST DIED FOR US.

Interestingly, Beza himself apparently connected 1 John 3:16 with Romans 5:8. (kjvtoday.net)

But Romans 5:8 actually preserves a very clear distinction:

GOD

and:

CHRIST WHO DIED.

Therefore, even the expression “love of God” does not necessarily mean that the following pronoun must identify God as the person who died.

That grammatical point should be acknowledged.

Nevertheless, the textual question remains:

DID JOHN ACTUALLY WRITE “OF GOD” IN 1 JOHN 3:16?

The evidence gives us good reason to question that reading.


GOD RAISED JESUS FROM THE DEAD

Peter preached:

“This Jesus God raised up, to which we all are witnesses.”

Acts 2:32 — WEB

And again:

“The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you killed, hanging him on a tree.”

Acts 5:30 — WEB

The apostolic distinction is straightforward:

JESUS DIED.

GOD RAISED JESUS.

This is why I believe translations should be particularly careful not to introduce wording that can obscure that distinction.


DOES THIS PROVE THE KJV TRANSLATORS WERE DELIBERATELY PROMOTING THE TRINITY?

NO — AND I WANT TO BE PRECISE ABOUT THIS.

My objection is to the reading, not an accusation that I can prove the motives of the King James translators.

Because Beza's 1598 Greek text contains tou theou, there was a textual basis available to the translators for “of God.”

Therefore I cannot legitimately claim:

“The KJV translators knowingly invented these words to deceive Christians into believing Jesus is God.”

The historical evidence presented here does not prove that.

What I can say is:

I BELIEVE “OF GOD” IS NOT THE ORIGINAL READING OF 1 JOHN 3:16.

And because the KJV includes those words, I believe its rendering at this point gives readers a misleading wording compared with the better-attested shorter reading.

That is a textual argument we can actually investigate.


AN IMPORTANT CLARIFICATION ABOUT MY ORIGINAL ARTICLE

My original article also included a section criticizing KJV Onlyism and discussing Erasmus, the Apocrypha, Pope Leo X and other historical matters.

I want to make something very clear:

THOSE CLAIMS DID NOT ORIGINATE WITH ME.

I was quoting material published by Evangelical Outreach in an article titled:

“KJV ONLYISM IS NOT GOOD.”

The article states, among other things, that the 1611 KJV included the Apocrypha; that Erasmus was a Roman Catholic priest; that he dedicated his Greek New Testament to Pope Leo X; and it makes additional claims concerning Erasmus, his manuscripts and his statements concerning Mary. (Evangelical Outreach)

These were:

CLAIMS MADE BY THE AUTHOR OF THAT ARTICLE,

not historical claims that originated from my own research.

This distinction matters.


AND THERE IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT POINT

The source I quoted is itself written from an evangelical Christian perspective that accepts Trinitarian Christianity.

Therefore, I was not quoting an anti-Trinitarian source attacking the KJV because of the Trinity.

I was showing that criticism of KJV Onlyism also comes from Christians who themselves accept traditional Trinitarian theology.

That makes the quotation relevant historically to my old article.

However:

THIS PRESENT ARTICLE IS NOT AN INVESTIGATION OF ERASMUS.

Nor is it an investigation of every criticism that Evangelical Outreach makes concerning the King James Bible.

Those claims deserve to be examined separately.


A FUTURE INVESTIGATION

Rather than simply repeating those claims, I intend to investigate them individually in a separate article.

We can ask:

Did the original 1611 KJV contain the Apocrypha?

What exactly was Erasmus' relationship with the Roman Catholic Church?

Why did he dedicate his Greek New Testament to Pope Leo X?

Which Greek manuscripts did Erasmus actually use?

What happened with the final verses of Revelation?

What did Erasmus really write about Mary, and what was the context?

How much did Erasmus, Stephanus and Beza actually influence the Greek textual tradition behind the KJV?

Those are historical questions.

They deserve documentation from primary and scholarly sources rather than being assumed true merely because another Christian writer says so.

That will make an excellent separate investigation.


BUT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT 1 JOHN 3:16

And here the evidence is much more focused.

The KJV reads:

“THE LOVE OF GOD.”

Beza 1598 contains:

τοῦ Θεοῦ — “OF GOD.”

But Stephanus 1550 omits it.

Elzevir 1624 omits it.

The Byzantine/Majority Text omits it.

And the modern critical Greek text omits it. (Textus Receptus Bibles)

Therefore the issue cannot simply be dismissed as:

“Modern Bibles removed the words.”

The disagreement existed within the Greek textual tradition itself.


SO WHAT DID JOHN MOST LIKELY WRITE?

The shorter reading gives us:

“By this we know love, because he laid down his life for us...”

The identity of the one who laid down his life is:

JESUS CHRIST.

God:

SENT HIS SON.

Jesus:

LAID DOWN HIS LIFE.

And God:

RAISED JESUS FROM THE DEAD.

That distinction appears repeatedly throughout the New Testament.


CONCLUSION

I believe the King James Version contains a textually questionable reading in 1 John 3:16 when it says:

“THE LOVE OF GOD.”

I would therefore not use the KJV wording as evidence that:

GOD HIMSELF LAID DOWN HIS LIFE.

At the same time, careful research requires me to acknowledge that the KJV translators did not simply invent “of God.”

The words occur in Beza's 1598 Greek text.

The deeper question is whether they were actually written by John.

And when we compare the wider Greek textual evidence, there are strong reasons for accepting the shorter reading:

“BY THIS WE KNOW LOVE, BECAUSE HE LAID DOWN HIS LIFE FOR US.”

Who laid down his life?

JESUS CHRIST.

Who sent him?

GOD HIS FATHER.

Who raised him from the dead?

GOD.

And what did John say he wanted us to believe?

“Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God.”

John 20:31

That is why this investigation should ultimately be about what John actually wrote, rather than defending one English translation at all costs.


Research by Simon Brown

wwwrealdiscoveriesorg-simon.blogspot.com

RELATED ARTICLES:

John 1:1

Hebrews 1:10 – Did God Really Say to the Son, “You Laid the Foundation of the Earth”?


Monday, 31 August 2026

Quick Facts: Does Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit Prove the Trinity?

Bible study examining Matthew 12:31–32 and whether Jesus' warning about blasphemy against the Holy Spirit proves the doctrine of the Trinity.

A detailed Bible-study title image investigating Matthew 12:31–32 and Jesus' warning concerning blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. It asks whether this passage actually teaches a separate, coequal and coeternal third person within one triune God, while examining the immediate biblical context and the Spirit of God. Research by Simon Brown.

QUICK FACTS: DOES BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY SPIRIT PROVE THE TRINITY?

Matthew 12:31–32 — Does Jesus Teach That the Holy Spirit Is a Separate Third Person of God?

Research by Simon Brown
wwwrealdiscoveriesorg-simon.blogspot.com


A VERSE OFTEN USED IN SUPPORT OF THE TRINITY

Matthew 12:31–32 is sometimes presented as evidence that the Holy Spirit must be a distinct divine person alongside the Father and the Son.

Jesus said:

“Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven men. Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, neither in this age, nor in that which is to come.”

Matthew 12:31–32 — WEB

The argument is understandable:

Jesus distinguishes between speaking against the Son of Man and blaspheming the Holy Spirit.

Therefore, it is argued, the Holy Spirit must be a person distinct from Jesus.

But there is a much bigger question:

DOES THIS PASSAGE ACTUALLY TEACH THE TRINITY?

Detailed Bible study infographic examining Matthew 12:31–32 and whether blasphemy against the Holy Spirit proves the doctrine of the Trinity.

A detailed Bible-study infographic investigating whether Matthew 12:31–32 proves the Trinity. It examines Jesus casting out demons by the Spirit of God, the Pharisees attributing God's work to Satan, Mark's explanation of the warning, the distinction between the Son of Man and the Holy Spirit, and biblical descriptions of Yahweh as the Holy One. It asks whether the passage actually defines the Holy Spirit as a separate, coequal and coeternal third person within one triune God. 

Does Jesus say that the Holy Spirit is:

the third person of God?

coequal with the Father and Son?

coeternal with the Father and Son?

consubstantial with the Father and Son?

Or that:

THE FATHER, SON AND HOLY SPIRIT ARE THREE PERSONS IN ONE GOD?

No.

None of those statements occurs in Matthew 12:31–32.

So we need to investigate what Jesus was actually saying.


FIRST, LET US REPRESENT THE TRINITY CORRECTLY

It is important that we do not criticize a doctrine by misrepresenting what its believers actually teach.

Historic Trinitarian Christianity does not teach that the Father and Son are the same person.

Nor does it officially teach that there are three Gods.

The doctrine teaches that:

The Father is God.

The Son is God.

The Holy Spirit is God.

Yet the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three distinct persons who share the one divine being or essence of God.

They are traditionally described as coequal and coeternal.

That is the actual claim we need to test against Scripture.


WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED IN MATTHEW 12?

This is extremely important.

Jesus did not suddenly begin teaching a lesson about the metaphysical nature of God.

The Pharisees had witnessed Jesus heal a demon-possessed man.

The people began asking:

“Can this be the son of David?”

Matthew 12:23

But the Pharisees responded:

“This man does not cast out demons, except by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons.”

Matthew 12:24

Jesus then explained what was really happening.

He said:

“But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then God's Kingdom has come upon you.”

Matthew 12:28

Notice the language:

“THE SPIRIT OF GOD.”

The power at work through Jesus was attributed to God's Spirit.

Yet the Pharisees attributed that work to Satan.

That is the immediate context of Jesus' warning.


WHAT WAS THE BLASPHEMY?

The Pharisees were seeing God's work performed through His Spirit and deliberately attributing that work to the Devil.

Mark makes the connection especially explicit.

After recording Jesus' warning about blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, Mark explains:

“because they said, ‘He has an unclean spirit.’”

Mark 3:30

That little sentence is enormously important.

Jesus' warning was not given because someone had failed to understand a theological definition of the Trinity.

The warning arose because people were calling the work of God's Holy Spirit the work of an unclean spirit.

That is the context we must not lose.


JESUS DISTINGUISHES HIMSELF FROM THE HOLY SPIRIT

Jesus says:

“THE SON OF MAN”

and:

“THE HOLY SPIRIT.”

Therefore, Matthew 12 certainly distinguishes Jesus from the Holy Spirit in the statement.

I have no reason to deny that.

But distinction does not automatically establish the later doctrine:

THREE COEQUAL, COETERNAL PERSONS IN ONE GOD.

That conclusion would have to be demonstrated from Scripture rather than simply assumed.


WHAT ABOUT THE FATHER?

This raises an interesting question.

In Matthew 12:31–32 Jesus explicitly contrasts:

the Son of Man

with:

the Holy Spirit.

The Father is not separately named in those two verses.

But this does not prove that Jesus secretly meant:

“The Holy Spirit is the Father.”

That was one of the places where my older article went too far.

Instead, we should examine the language Scripture uses concerning God's Spirit.


THE BIBLE CALLS IT “THE SPIRIT OF GOD”

Only three verses before Jesus' warning, he says:

“But if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons, then God's Kingdom has come upon you.”

Matthew 12:28

This is highly significant.

Jesus himself identifies the Spirit involved in this controversy as:

THE SPIRIT OF GOD.

The Old Testament repeatedly uses the same kind of language:

“my Spirit”

“your Holy Spirit”

“the Spirit of Yahweh”

“his Holy Spirit.”

So before constructing a doctrine of a separate third divine person from Matthew 12, we should first recognize the Bible's own repeated description:

GOD'S SPIRIT.


BUT DOES JOHN 4:24 PROVE THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT IS THE FATHER?

Jesus says:

“God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.”

John 4:24

This is important evidence concerning the nature of God.

GOD IS SPIRIT.

However, we should be careful.

John 4:24 does not literally say:

“The Father is the Holy Spirit.”

Nor does Matthew 12:31–32 say:

“The Holy Spirit is another name for the Father.”

Therefore I would no longer claim that these verses, by themselves, prove those statements.

What they do establish is that God is spirit and that Scripture repeatedly describes the Holy Spirit as God's Spirit.

The question is whether Scripture goes further and explicitly defines God's Spirit as a separate coequal and coeternal third person within one divine being.

That is what needs to be demonstrated.


WHAT ABOUT “SPIRIT” AND “HOLY” IN THE GREEK?

My older research separated the words appearing in Matthew 12:

πνεῦμα — pneuma — spirit

and

ἅγιος — hagios — holy

These words are certainly important.

But separating them does not prove that Jesus was secretly saying:

“Spirit = the Father”

and:

“Holy = Yahweh the Holy One.”

The Greek expression refers to:

THE HOLY SPIRIT.

So that particular argument in my original research needs correcting.

There is, however, an important biblical connection worth investigating.


YAHWEH IS “THE HOLY ONE”

Throughout Isaiah, Yahweh is repeatedly identified as:

“THE HOLY ONE OF ISRAEL.”

For example:

“For I am Yahweh your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior.”

Isaiah 43:3

Again:

“Thus says Yahweh, your Redeemer, and he who formed you from the womb: ‘I am Yahweh, who makes all things; who alone stretches out the heavens; who spreads out the earth by myself.’”

Isaiah 44:24

And:

“Thus says Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel, and his Maker...”

Isaiah 45:11

Psalm 78:41 similarly speaks of:

“THE HOLY ONE OF ISRAEL.”

Therefore holiness belongs fundamentally to Yahweh himself.

And the Spirit is repeatedly described as His Spirit.

That is a stronger argument than trying to derive the Father's identity from the individual Greek words holy and spirit.


WHY CAN SPEAKING AGAINST JESUS BE FORGIVEN?

Here we reach one of the most fascinating parts of the passage.

Jesus says:

“Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him...”

but:

“whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him...”

Matthew 12:32

If Matthew 12 were intended as a straightforward lesson that Jesus and the Holy Spirit are two coequal persons of the same God, this difference certainly deserves explanation.

But we should not conclude:

“THE HOLY SPIRIT MUST THEREFORE BE SUPERIOR TO JESUS.”

The severity of a particular sin does not necessarily establish a hierarchy between the persons or realities involved.

The context gives us a much more direct explanation.

The Pharisees were rejecting the work of God being performed before their eyes and deliberately calling that work satanic.

That persistent rejection of God's testimony explains the extraordinary seriousness of Jesus' warning.


MARK MAKES THIS EVEN CLEARER

Mark records:

“Most certainly I tell you, all sins of the descendants of man will be forgiven, including their blasphemies with which they may blaspheme; but whoever may blaspheme against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal condemnation.”

Mark 3:28–29

And immediately explains:

“because they said, ‘He has an unclean spirit.’”

Mark 3:30

This is crucial.

The Pharisees had taken what Jesus attributed to:

THE SPIRIT OF GOD

and attributed it instead to:

AN UNCLEAN SPIRIT.

That is the immediate biblical explanation.


LUKE RECORDS THE SAME WARNING

Jesus says:

“Everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but those who blaspheme against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.”

Luke 12:10

Again we find:

the Son of Man

and:

the Holy Spirit.

But once again we do not find a definition saying:

Father + Son + Holy Spirit = one God in three coequal persons.

That doctrine is not stated in the passage.


DOES THE DIFFERENCE IN FORGIVENESS DISPROVE COEQUALITY?

This is where I would sharpen my original argument.

My old article essentially argued:

If Jesus can be blasphemed and forgiven, while the Holy Spirit can be blasphemed and not forgiven, they cannot possibly be coequal.

That conclusion is stronger than the evidence permits.

A Trinitarian can reasonably respond that the different consequences concern the nature and circumstances of the sin, rather than differences in divine status.

Therefore Matthew 12:31–32 does not, by itself, disprove Trinitarian coequality.

But neither does it prove it.

And that is important.

MATTHEW 12:31–32 IS NOT A DEFINITION OF THE TRINITY.


SO WHAT DOES THE PASSAGE ACTUALLY ESTABLISH?

We can safely establish several things directly from the text.

Jesus is:

THE SON OF MAN.

The power operating through him is called:

THE SPIRIT OF GOD.

The Pharisees attributed God's work to:

BEELZEBUL.

Jesus consequently issued his grave warning concerning:

BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY SPIRIT.

And Mark tells us why:

“BECAUSE THEY SAID, ‘HE HAS AN UNCLEAN SPIRIT.’”

Those are the biblical facts.


DOES JESUS CALL THE HOLY SPIRIT “GOD THE HOLY SPIRIT”?

No.

That exact title does not appear here.

Does Jesus say:

“THE HOLY SPIRIT IS THE THIRD PERSON OF GOD”?

No.

Does Jesus say:

“THE HOLY SPIRIT IS COEQUAL AND COETERNAL WITH ME AND MY FATHER”?

No.

Does Jesus say:

“THE THREE OF US ARE ONE GOD”?

No.

Those propositions may be inferred by Trinitarian theology from a wider collection of passages, but they should not be placed into Matthew 12:31–32 as though Jesus explicitly stated them there.


WHAT DOES JESUS SAY ABOUT HIS FATHER?

Elsewhere Jesus consistently distinguishes himself from his Father.

He says:

“The Father is greater than I.”

John 14:28

He calls the Father:

“the only true God”

John 17:3

and distinguishes himself as:

“Jesus Christ, whom you sent.”

After his resurrection Jesus says:

“I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.”

John 20:17

These passages must also be allowed into our investigation.


PAUL IDENTIFIES “ONE GOD, THE FATHER”

Paul writes:

“Yet to us there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we for him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we live through him.”

1 Corinthians 8:6

Paul distinguishes:

ONE GOD — THE FATHER

from:

ONE LORD — JESUS CHRIST.

Trinitarians understand this passage differently, often arguing that Paul is incorporating Jesus into the divine identity.

That interpretation deserves to be represented fairly.

But the wording itself remains striking:

“ONE GOD, THE FATHER.”


AND PAUL IDENTIFIES JESUS AS THE MEDIATOR

Paul says:

“For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”

1 Timothy 2:5

Again we have a distinction between:

THE ONE GOD

and:

THE ONE MEDIATOR — THE MAN CHRIST JESUS.

This is one of the reasons I believe Scripture presents Jesus as God's Messiah and Son rather than as the same God whose mediator he is.


WHAT ABOUT LUKE 1:35?

Another important passage says:

“The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God.”

Luke 1:35

Notice the expressions:

Holy Spirit

power of the Most High

Son of God.

This passage deserves careful study.

But again, Luke does not stop to define these expressions as:

three coequal persons constituting one God.

The verse says that the child will be called:

THE SON OF GOD.

That biblical title should be allowed to retain its full significance.


MY ORIGINAL ARTICLE WENT TOO FAR

When I first researched this subject, I concluded that Matthew 12:31–32 proved:

the Holy Spirit is simply the Father,

and therefore:

there cannot be a separate third person.

After examining the passage more carefully, I believe that statement went beyond what the text itself explicitly establishes.

The stronger and more defensible conclusion is this:

MATTHEW 12:31–32 DOES NOT PROVE THE TRINITY.

It distinguishes Jesus from the Holy Spirit.

It identifies the Spirit in the immediate context as:

“THE SPIRIT OF GOD.”

And it describes an extraordinarily serious act of rejecting God's work by attributing it to Satan.

But it does not define the Holy Spirit as:

A SEPARATE, COEQUAL, COETERNAL THIRD PERSON OF ONE TRIUNE GOD.

That theological conclusion must come from somewhere beyond this passage.


THE QUESTION REMAINS

If Matthew 12:31–32 is presented as evidence for the Trinity, then I believe we are entitled to ask:

Where does Jesus explain that the Holy Spirit is the third person of God?

Where does Jesus say the Holy Spirit is coequal and coeternal with himself and the Father?

Where does Jesus say the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are three persons sharing one divine essence?

Where does Jesus call this:

THE ONE TRUE GOD?

Those are not hostile questions.

They are biblical questions.

And every Christian doctrine—Trinitarian, Unitarian, Catholic, Protestant, Jehovah's Witness, or my own interpretation—should be willing to face the same test:

WHAT DOES SCRIPTURE ACTUALLY SAY?


CONCLUSION

Jesus' warning concerning blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is extremely serious.

But its seriousness should not cause us to make the passage say more than it actually says.

Matthew's context tells us that Jesus was casting out demons:

“BY THE SPIRIT OF GOD.”

The Pharisees attributed that work to Beelzebul.

Mark tells us Jesus issued his warning:

“BECAUSE THEY SAID, ‘HE HAS AN UNCLEAN SPIRIT.’”

Therefore the passage is fundamentally about the terrible danger of knowingly rejecting and slandering the work of God's Holy Spirit.

It certainly distinguishes Jesus from the Spirit.

But it never says:

“THE HOLY SPIRIT IS THE THIRD PERSON OF THE TRINITY.”

It never says:

“THE FATHER, SON AND HOLY SPIRIT ARE THREE COEQUAL PERSONS IN ONE GOD.”

And it never identifies Matthew 12:31–32 as a revelation of a triune divine essence.

For that reason, I do not believe this passage can legitimately be presented as though it proves the Trinity.

Instead, I believe it should send every one of us back to Scripture with humility, asking:

WHO IS THE ONE GOD?

WHO IS JESUS CHRIST?

AND WHAT DOES THE BIBLE ACTUALLY TEACH ABOUT THE HOLY SPIRIT?

Jesus said:

“Ask, and it will be given you. Seek, and you will find. Knock, and it will be opened for you.”

Matthew 7:7

So let us keep seeking.

Not merely to defend what we already believe, but to discover what Scripture actually teaches.

Research by Simon Brown
wwwrealdiscoveriesorg-simon.blogspot.com

RELATED ARTICLES:

John 1:1

Hebrews 1:10 – Did God Really Say to the Son, “You Laid the Foundation of the Earth”?



Jesus — Not Mary — Is Our Advocate and Mediator

Bible study examining the BBC Catholic Christmas confession, the Nicene Creed, prayer to Mary and the biblical identity of Jesus Christ.

QUICK FACTS: A DIFFERENT JESUS?

THE BBC CHRISTMAS CONFESSION, PRAYER TO MARY, AND THE CHRIST PREACHED BY THE APOSTLES

What Was Confessed and Prayed During the BBC Televised Midnight Mass at Brentwood Cathedral, Christmas 2021?

Research by Simon Brown


WHY THIS INVESTIGATION MATTERS

On Christmas Eve 2021, BBC television broadcast Midnight Mass from the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Mary and St Helen in Brentwood, Essex.

During that service, millions of viewers were able to hear a traditional Catholic profession of faith and Catholic devotion.

This article is not written to attack individual Catholics or question their sincerity.

My purpose is much simpler:

WHAT DOES THE BIBLE ACTUALLY TEACH?

Bible study examining God, Jesus Christ and the Gospel, including biblical warnings about another Jesus, false Christs and denying the Father and the Son.

A detailed Bible-study infographic asking what the Bible actually teaches about God, His Son Jesus Christ and the Gospel. It examines Paul's warning about “another Jesus” in 2 Corinthians 11:4, Jesus' warning about false Christs in Matthew 24:24, and John's warning concerning the Father and the Son in 1 John 2:22, encouraging Christians to test church teachings against Scripture. 

If a church tells Christians who God is, who Jesus Christ is, whom Christians should pray to, and who stands between humanity and God, these are not insignificant theological details.
They concern the very identity of:

GOD,

HIS SON JESUS CHRIST,

and

THE GOSPEL ITSELF.

Paul warned Christians about receiving:

“ANOTHER JESUS”

2 Corinthians 11:4

Jesus warned about:

“FALSE CHRISTS”

Matthew 24:24

And John issued the extremely serious warning:

“HE WHO DENIES THE FATHER AND THE SON.”

1 John 2:22

Therefore we have every reason to test what churches teach about Jesus against what Jesus and his apostles actually taught.


WHAT WAS ACTUALLY CONFESSED?

Bible study infographic examining the Nicene Creed, the Trinity diagram and the confession that Jesus is “God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God.”

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining what was confessed during the BBC televised Midnight Mass at Brentwood Cathedral at Christmas 2021. It highlights the Nicene Creed's description of Jesus as “God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God” and “consubstantial with the Father,” illustrates the Trinity doctrine, and asks where Jesus and his apostles teach these identities in Scripture. Research by Simon Brown.

During the service the congregation recited the Nicene Creed.
Concerning Jesus Christ, this historic creed contains the striking words:

“GOD FROM GOD,

LIGHT FROM LIGHT,

TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD”

and identifies the Son as “consubstantial with the Father.”

This language is not merely my description of Catholic theology.

It is the historic language of the Nicene faith itself, formulated to affirm the full deity of the Son. (Pfander Center)

This immediately raises an enormous biblical question:

WHERE DOES THE BIBLE IDENTIFY JESUS AS “GOD FROM GOD” AND “TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD”?

Bible study infographic asking where Scripture calls Jesus “God from God” or “true God from true God,” comparing the Nicene Creed with Jesus, Peter, Paul and John.

A detailed Bible-study infographic asking where Scripture identifies Jesus as “God from God” or “true God from true God.” It compares the language of the Nicene Creed with Jesus’ words, Peter’s confession in Matthew 16:16, Paul’s declaration in 1 Corinthians 8:6, and John’s purpose statement in John 20:31, encouraging readers to test later theological claims against Scripture. 

Where does Jesus say:

“I am God from God”?

Where does Peter confess:

“You are true God from true God”?

Where does Paul preach:

“Jesus is God from God”?

Where does John tell us that he wrote his Gospel so that we would believe Jesus is “true God from true God”?

These are fair questions because these words concern the identity of Jesus Christ himself.


WHAT DOES THE BIBLE SAY JESUS IS?

When Jesus asked his disciples:

“But who do you say that I am?”

Peter answered:

“You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

Matthew 16:15–16

Jesus did not correct Peter by saying:

“No, Peter. I am God from God, true God from true God.”

Instead Jesus declared Peter blessed.

Jesus himself later said:

“I said, ‘I am the Son of God.’”

John 10:36

And John tells us precisely why he wrote his Gospel:

“But these are written, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God.”

John 20:31

These are extraordinarily straightforward descriptions:

THE CHRIST.

THE SON OF THE LIVING GOD.

THE SON OF GOD.

So why is the additional identification:

“GOD FROM GOD, TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD”

necessary to define the Christian faith?


LET US BE ACCURATE ABOUT THE TRINITY

Before continuing, an important clarification is necessary.

Trinitarians do not believe that the Father and Jesus are the same person.

That would be Modalism, not orthodox Trinitarianism.

Trinitarian doctrine correctly distinguishes:

the Father

from

the Son.

The disagreement is somewhere else.

Trinitarian Christianity teaches that although the Father and Son are distinct persons, both are fully divine and share the same one divine being or essence.

Therefore the real question is NOT:

ARE THE FATHER AND SON DIFFERENT PERSONS?

Both Trinitarians and Biblical Unitarians agree that they are distinct.

The real question is:

DOES SCRIPTURE TEACH THAT THE FATHER AND HIS SON ARE BOTH THE SAME ONE GOD?

Bible study asking whether Scripture teaches that the Father and His Son Jesus Christ are both the same one God.

Does Scripture teach that the Father and His Son are both the same one God? Examine what Jesus and his apostles actually taught.

That is the issue this article is investigating.


JESUS CALLED HIS FATHER “THE ONLY TRUE GOD”

Listen to Jesus' own prayer:

“This is eternal life, that they should know you, the only true God, and him whom you sent, Jesus Christ.”

John 17:3

Jesus is addressing his Father.

Jesus identifies the Father as:

“THE ONLY TRUE GOD”

and then distinguishes himself as:

“JESUS CHRIST”

whom that God sent.

Now compare those words with the later creed:

JESUS:

“YOU, THE ONLY TRUE GOD”

NICENE CREED:

“TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD”

That deserves serious investigation.

A Trinitarian will answer that John 17:3 does not exclude the Son from the divine identity and that the wider Gospel of John teaches Christ's deity.

That argument deserves to be examined on its biblical merits.

But what we must not do is simply assume the Nicene conclusion and then read it back into Jesus' words.

The question remains:

WHO DID JESUS HIMSELF CALL “THE ONLY TRUE GOD”?

His Father.


PAUL IDENTIFIES “ONE GOD, THE FATHER”

Paul writes:

“Yet to us there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we for him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we live through him.”

1 Corinthians 8:6

Again we find:

ONE GOD — THE FATHER

and:

ONE LORD — JESUS CHRIST.

Trinitarian scholars commonly argue that Paul is incorporating Jesus into the divine identity by applying “Lord” language to Christ.

Biblical Unitarians understand the verse differently: Paul explicitly identifies the Father as the one God and Jesus as the one Lord Messiah.

Whichever interpretation a reader accepts, the verse deserves to be allowed to speak before a later creed determines its meaning.


“THERE IS ONE GOD, AND ONE MEDIATOR”

Paul gives another remarkably clear statement:

“For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”

1 Timothy 2:5

Notice Paul's distinction:

ONE GOD

and

ONE MEDIATOR BETWEEN GOD AND HUMANITY.

Who is that mediator?

“THE MAN CHRIST JESUS.”

This becomes extremely important when we consider what happened elsewhere in the Catholic service.


PAUL WARNED ABOUT “ANOTHER JESUS”

Bible study infographic about Paul's warning concerning “another Jesus” in 2 Corinthians 11:4 and testing teachings about Jesus against Scripture.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining Paul's serious warning about “another Jesus” in 2 Corinthians 11:4. It asks whether the Jesus being taught by Christian traditions is the same Jesus preached by the apostles and encourages readers to test every doctrine against Scripture. Research by Simon Brown.

Paul's warning to the Corinthians should make every Christian pay attention:

“For if he who comes preaches another Jesus, whom we didn't preach... you put up with that well enough.”

2 Corinthians 11:4 — WEB

Paul believed it was possible for people to talk about Jesus while presenting a Jesus different from the apostolic proclamation.

That is serious.

The name “Jesus” by itself therefore cannot guarantee that every doctrine attached to Jesus is true.

We must ask:

IS THIS THE JESUS THE APOSTLES PREACHED?

That applies to every Christian tradition, including my own beliefs.

Everything must be tested against Scripture.


JESUS WARNED ABOUT FALSE CHRISTS

Bible study infographic showing Jesus warning about false christs and false prophets in Matthew 24:24 and encouraging Christians to test teachings against Scripture.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining Jesus Christ's warning about false christs and false prophets in Matthew 24:24. It highlights the danger of religious deception and encourages Christians to test teachings about Christ against Scripture and the apostolic message. Research by Simon Brown.

Jesus himself warned:

“For there will arise false christs, and false prophets, and they will show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen ones.”

Matthew 24:24

We should not misuse this verse.

In context Jesus is warning about false messianic claimants. He does not specifically identify the later Catholic Church or the Nicene Creed in Matthew 24:24.

Nevertheless, the warning establishes an important principle:

CHRISTIANS MUST CARE DEEPLY ABOUT THE TRUE IDENTITY OF THE CHRIST.

We cannot simply accept every claim about Christ because it comes from an established religious authority.


JOHN WARNS ABOUT DENYING THE FATHER AND THE SON

Bible study infographic examining 1 John 2:22, John's warning about denying Jesus as the Christ, and the biblical distinction between the Father and the Son.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining John's serious warning in 1 John 2:22 about denying that Jesus is the Christ and thereby denying the Father and the Son. It explains that Trinitarians distinguish the Father from the Son as separate persons, while investigating the different question of whether Scripture identifies the Father, Son and Holy Spirit as the same one God. 

John's words are equally serious:

“Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the Antichrist, he who denies the Father and the Son.”

1 John 2:22

Notice exactly what John says.

He speaks of:

THE FATHER

and

THE SON.

Again, the fact that they are distinct is not the disagreement with Trinitarians.

Trinitarians also distinguish the Father from the Son.

The question is whether these two distinct persons should additionally be identified as the same one God, together with the Holy Spirit.

Nor does 1 John 2:22 say:

“Anyone who believes in the Trinity is Antichrist.”

John's explicit test concerns denying that Jesus is the Christ and thereby denying the Father and the Son.

Therefore I do not need to make John say something he did not say.

His actual warning is serious enough.

WE MUST NOT CHANGE THE IDENTITY OF THE CHRIST.

Bible study infographic asking whether “God from God” and “true God from true God” add a later identity to Jesus that should be tested against Scripture.

A detailed Bible-study infographic asking whether a later identity has been added to Jesus Christ. It compares the Nicene Creed's words “God from God” and “true God from true God” with biblical descriptions of Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God and the one sent by the Father, encouraging readers to test later doctrinal claims against Scripture. 

HAS A LATER IDENTITY BEEN ADDED TO JESUS?

This brings us back to the BBC confession:

“GOD FROM GOD”

“TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD.”

Those words are not Bible quotations.

That alone does not prove them false. Christians regularly use non-biblical terminology to summarize biblical ideas.

The word Bible itself is not used by Scripture as the modern title for the complete collection.

So the argument cannot simply be:

“Those exact words aren't in the Bible, therefore they are false.”

The much stronger question is:

CAN THAT IDENTITY BE DEMONSTRATED FROM THE TEACHING OF JESUS AND THE APOSTLES?

Because the New Testament explicitly calls Jesus:

the Christ — Matthew 16:16

the Son of God — John 20:31

the Lord — Acts 2:36

the man Christ Jesus — 1 Timothy 2:5

the mediator — 1 Timothy 2:5

the one God sent — John 17:3

and the one whom:

“GOD RAISED UP”

Acts 2:32

Peter says:

“Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.”

Acts 2:36

Paul says:

“Therefore God also highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name.”

Philippians 2:9

These texts repeatedly distinguish God from the Jesus whom God sends, raises, appoints and exalts.

That is why I believe “true God from true God” requires biblical demonstration rather than merely creedal authority.


THEN COMES THE PRAYER TO MARY

Bible study infographic examining the Catholic Hail Mary prayer and comparing prayer to Mary with Scripture's teaching about God the Father and Jesus Christ as the one mediator.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining the Catholic Hail Mary prayer heard during the BBC service: “Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death.” It compares this practice with Scripture concerning prayer to the Father and Jesus Christ as the one mediator between God and mankind.

The BBC service raises another major biblical issue.
The Catholic Hail Mary concludes:

“HOLY MARY, MOTHER OF GOD,

PRAY FOR US SINNERS,

NOW AND AT THE HOUR OF OUR DEATH.”

This is much more than saying:

Mary was blessed.

Scripture itself says Mary was blessed.

Elizabeth said:

“Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!”

Luke 1:42

Mary herself said:

“For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed.”

Luke 1:48

I therefore gladly call Mary:

BLESSED.

The disagreement is not about whether Mary should be respected.

It concerns directing religious petitions to Mary after her death.


CATHOLICS BELIEVE MARY CAN HEAR THEIR PETITIONS

Bible study infographic examining the Catholic belief that Mary can hear petitions and intercede for Christians, compared with biblical teaching about prayer to God through Jesus Christ.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining the Catholic belief that Mary and the saints are alive with God and can hear petitions and intercede for Christians on earth. It fairly acknowledges the Catholic distinction between invoking saints and worshipping the dead, while asking where Scripture instructs Christians to address Mary or departed saints. The study compares this practice with biblical teaching about prayer to God, Jesus Christ as mediator and intercessor, and the need to test religious traditions against Scripture. 

Catholic theology maintains that Mary and the saints are alive with God and can intercede for Christians on earth.

Therefore Catholics would object to my describing this simply as “worshipping the dead.”

That distinction should be acknowledged.

But it does not answer my biblical question:

WHERE DID JESUS TEACH HIS FOLLOWERS TO PRAY TO MARY?

Bible study infographic asking where Jesus, Peter, Paul or John taught Christians to pray to Mary or ask departed saints for intercession.

Bible study infographic asking where Jesus, Peter, Paul or John taught Christians to pray to Mary or ask departed saints for intercession.

Where did Peter invoke Mary after Christ's ascension?

Where did Paul tell Christians to ask Mary for heavenly intercession?

Where did John instruct the churches to direct petitions toward departed believers?

This is where I believe the practice encounters a serious biblical problem.


“THE DEAD DON'T PRAISE YAH”

Bible study infographic examining Psalm 115:17, “The dead don't praise Yah,” and whether Scripture supports praying to or invoking departed saints.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining Psalm 115:17: “The dead don't praise Yah, neither any who go down into silence.” It asks whether Scripture provides biblical support for invoking departed saints and shows how Psalm 115 directs God's people away from idols and toward trusting, praising and worshipping Yahweh. 

Psalm 115 says:

“The dead don't praise Yah, neither any who go down into silence.”

Psalm 115:17 — WEB

Whatever one's broader theology of the intermediate state, this verse certainly does not establish the Catholic practice of invoking departed saints.

Indeed, nothing in Psalm 115 tells God's people to communicate with them.

Instead the Psalm directs God's people toward Yahweh.


JESUS — NOT MARY — IS OUR ADVOCATE

Bible study infographic comparing Catholic invocation of Mary with Scripture identifying Jesus Christ as our Advocate, one Mediator and Intercessor.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining Catholic titles and petitions directed to Mary alongside Scripture's teaching about Jesus Christ. It compares Marian titles such as Advocate, Helper and Mediatrix with 1 John 2:1, 1 Timothy 2:5, Hebrews 7:25 and Romans 8:34, which identify Jesus as our Advocate, the one Mediator and the one who intercedes for believers. Research by Simon Brown.

This is where I believe Catholic invocation of Mary becomes even more problematic.
Official Catholic teaching has historically applied titles to Mary including:

Advocate

Helper

Benefactress

and

Mediatrix.

Catholic theology insists these titles do not place Mary above Christ. It teaches that Mary's intercession is entirely subordinate to and dependent upon Jesus.

That distinction must be stated fairly.

Nevertheless, Scripture says:

“If anyone sins, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ, the righteous.”

1 John 2:1

Who is identified as our Advocate with the Father?

JESUS CHRIST.

Therefore my question is:

IF JESUS IS MY ADVOCATE WITH THE FATHER, WHY SHOULD I INVOKE MARY AS ANOTHER HEAVENLY ADVOCATE?

Bible study infographic asking why Christians should invoke Mary as another advocate when Jesus Christ is identified as our Advocate and the one Mediator in 1 Timothy 2:5.

A detailed Bible-study infographic asking why Christians should invoke Mary as another heavenly advocate when Scripture identifies Jesus Christ as our Advocate with the Father and the one Mediator between God and mankind. It examines 1 John 2:1, Romans 8:34, Hebrews 7:25 and especially 1 Timothy 2:5: “For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” 

JESUS — NOT MARY — IS OUR MEDIATOR

Paul says:

“For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”

1 Timothy 2:5

Not two mediators.

Scripture explicitly identifies:

ONE MEDIATOR.

And names him:

THE MAN CHRIST JESUS.

Catholics respond that Mary's intercessory role does not compete with Christ's unique mediation, just as Christians on earth can pray for one another.

But there remains an important difference:

The New Testament explicitly tells living Christians to pray for one another.

Where does it tell Christians on earth to address Mary or departed saints and request their intercession?

That is the evidence I believe is missing.


JESUS ALREADY INTERCEDES FOR US

Paul writes:

“It is Christ who died, yes rather, who was raised from the dead, who is at the right hand of God, who also makes intercession for us.”

Romans 8:34

Hebrews says:

“Therefore he is also able to save to the uttermost those who draw near to God through him, seeing that he lives forever to make intercession for them.”

Hebrews 7:25

Put these passages together:

OUR ADVOCATE — JESUS CHRIST.

1 John 2:1

OUR MEDIATOR — JESUS CHRIST.

1 Timothy 2:5

OUR INTERCESSOR — JESUS CHRIST.

Romans 8:34; Hebrews 7:25

Therefore I ask:

WHAT HEAVENLY FUNCTION IS MISSING THAT REQUIRES CHRISTIANS TO INVOKE MARY?

Jesus is not an inadequate mediator.

Jesus is not an inadequate advocate.

Jesus is not an inadequate intercessor.


DID JESUS TEACH US TO PRAY TO MARY?

When Jesus taught his disciples how to pray, he said:

“Pray like this: ‘Our Father in heaven, may your name be kept holy.’”

Matthew 6:9 — WEB

Jesus directed his followers toward:

THE FATHER.

Jesus himself prayed to his Father.

The apostles prayed to God.

I find no corresponding instruction from Jesus:

“When I am gone, pray also to my mother.”

That should matter enormously to Christians.


WHAT ABOUT STATUES AND RELIGIOUS IMAGES?

Bible study infographic examining statues and religious images alongside biblical warnings about idolatry in Exodus 20:4–5, Leviticus 19:4 and Deuteronomy 4:15–16.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining statues and sacred religious images in Christian devotion. It considers God's warnings concerning idols, carved images and bowing before them in Exodus 20:4–5, Leviticus 19:4 and Deuteronomy 4:15–16, and asks whether devotional practices involving images of Mary and the saints are consistent with these biblical commands. Research by Simon Brown.

The issue becomes still more serious when invocation of Mary and saints occurs in devotional settings involving statues and sacred images.
God commanded Israel:

“You shall not make for yourselves an idol, nor any image of anything that is in the heavens above, or that is in the earth beneath... You shall not bow yourself down to them, nor serve them.”

Exodus 20:4–5 — WEB

God also commanded:

“Don't turn to idols, nor make molten gods for yourselves. I am Yahweh your God.”

Leviticus 19:4 — WEB

Moses reminded Israel that they saw no form when Yahweh spoke and warned:

“Watch yourselves very carefully... lest you corrupt yourselves, and make yourselves a carved image in the form of any figure.”

Deuteronomy 4:15–16 — WEB

These are extremely serious warnings.


PSALM 115 DESCRIBES MAN-MADE IDOLS

Bible study infographic examining Psalm 115:4–8, man-made idols, religious statues and the Catholic use of images of Mary in Christian devotion.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining Psalm 115:4–8 and its description of man-made idols of silver and gold that cannot speak, see or hear. It acknowledges the Catholic distinction that a statue of Mary is not regarded as Mary herself or as a god, while asking whether devotional use of religious statues is consistent with biblical warnings concerning idols and images. 

Psalm 115 says:

“Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men's hands. They have mouths, but they don't speak. They have eyes, but they don't see. They have ears, but they don't hear.”

Psalm 115:4–6

And concludes concerning them:

“Those who make them will be like them; yes, everyone who trusts in them.”

Psalm 115:8

Catholics will answer that a statue of Mary is not regarded as Mary herself, nor is the material statue considered a god.

That is an important distinction.

But the biblical question remains:

DID JESUS OR HIS APOSTLES INTRODUCE STATUES OF MARY AND THE SAINTS AS OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRISTIAN DEVOTION?

I cannot find such a practice in apostolic Christianity.


THE NEW TESTAMENT SAYS: FLEE FROM IDOLATRY

Bible study infographic highlighting Paul's command to “flee from idolatry” in 1 Corinthians 10:14 and John's warning to keep ourselves from idols in 1 John 5:21.

A detailed Bible-study infographic examining the New Testament's serious warnings against idolatry. Paul commands Christians to “flee from idolatry” in 1 Corinthians 10:14, while John warns, “Little children, keep yourselves from idols” in 1 John 5:21. The image emphasizes the importance of testing religious practices against Scripture and reserving worship for God.

Paul tells Christians:

“Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.”

1 Corinthians 10:14

Not:

Get as close as possible while carefully defining the practice as something less than worship.

Paul says:

FLEE.

And John concludes his first letter:

“Little children, keep yourselves from idols.”

1 John 5:21

These warnings deserve to be taken with the utmost seriousness.


DOES CATHOLICISM “WORSHIP” MARY?

We need to be precise here too.

Catholic doctrine explicitly denies that Mary receives the adoration owed to God.

Catholics distinguish between worship/adoration of God and veneration of saints, with a special degree of honour given to Mary.

Therefore I do not need to accuse Catholics of believing:

“Mary is God.”

They do not.

My criticism is different and, I believe, much stronger:

DOES SCRIPTURE AUTHORIZE THE RELIGIOUS INVOCATION OF MARY AT ALL?

Can Christians address petitions to her?

Can she hear millions of petitions?

Did Jesus establish her as a heavenly advocate?

Did the apostles call her Mediatrix?

Where is the apostolic example?

Those are the questions Catholic tradition must answer.


DOES THIS RISK PRESENTING “ANOTHER JESUS”?

Now the two major subjects of this investigation come together.

The service confesses Jesus as:

“TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD”

while also directing a petition toward Mary:

“PRAY FOR US SINNERS.”

I believe both practices must be tested against the apostolic proclamation.

Paul's warning was:

“Another Jesus, whom we didn't preach...”

2 Corinthians 11:4

I am not claiming that this verse explicitly names Catholicism. It does not.

Nor am I claiming that individual Catholics knowingly reject Jesus.

They confess Jesus Christ and sincerely believe they are following him.

My argument is about the doctrine, not people's hearts.

If later Christianity attaches an identity to Jesus that the apostles did not teach, or assigns additional heavenly advocates and mediators alongside the role Scripture explicitly gives Christ, then Paul's warning about “another Jesus” becomes an extremely serious reason to investigate.


THE BIBLICAL CHRIST MUST REMAIN THE BIBLICAL CHRIST

The Jesus proclaimed by the apostles is:

THE CHRIST.

Matthew 16:16

THE SON OF GOD.

John 20:31

THE ONE SENT BY THE ONLY TRUE GOD.

John 17:3

THE MAN CHRIST JESUS.

1 Timothy 2:5

THE ONE MEDIATOR BETWEEN GOD AND HUMANITY.

1 Timothy 2:5

OUR ADVOCATE WITH THE FATHER.

1 John 2:1

THE ONE GOD RAISED FROM THE DEAD.

Acts 2:32

THE ONE GOD EXALTED.

Philippians 2:9

That is an extraordinary identity.

We do not need to diminish Jesus to reject the Trinity.

On the contrary, we should give Jesus every title, authority, honour and position Scripture gives him.

But neither should we add to his identity something simply because a later council or church tradition tells us to do so.


HOW SERIOUS IS THIS?

Extremely serious.

Because we are talking about:

WHO GOD IS.

WHO JESUS CHRIST IS.

WHO WE PRAY TO.

WHO OUR ADVOCATE IS.

WHO OUR MEDIATOR IS.

WHO INTERCEDES FOR US.

These are not peripheral matters.

Paul feared Christians accepting:

“ANOTHER JESUS.”

Jesus warned about:

“FALSE CHRISTS.”

John warned about denying:

“THE FATHER AND THE SON.”

Paul commanded:

“FLEE FROM IDOLATRY.”

John commanded:

“KEEP YOURSELVES FROM IDOLS.”

Therefore Christians should never respond:

“It doesn't matter what we believe as long as we believe in Jesus.”

The New Testament itself shows that what we believe about Jesus matters enormously.


THE QUESTION I ASK THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

Bible study infographic asking the Catholic Church why Christians should invoke Mary and the saints when Scripture identifies Jesus Christ as our mediator and Advocate with the Father.

A detailed Bible-study infographic respectfully asking the Catholic Church why Christians should invoke Mary and the saints when Scripture identifies Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God, the Lord Messiah, the man Christ Jesus, the mediator between God and mankind, and our Advocate with the Father. It examines biblical passages including John 20:31, 1 Timothy 2:5 and 1 John 2:1 and asks whether Christian practice should follow the teaching of Jesus and his apostles. 

I therefore respectfully ask:
If Jesus and the apostles taught that Jesus is:

the Christ,

the Son of God,

the Lord Messiah,

the man Christ Jesus,

the mediator between God and mankind,

and our Advocate with the Father,

then:

WHY MUST JESUS ALSO BE CONFESSED AS “GOD FROM GOD, TRUE GOD FROM TRUE GOD”?

Bible study comparing Jesus Christ the Son of God with the one true God, the Father, using John 17:3, John 20:31 and 1 Corinthians 8:6.

A detailed Bible research infographic examining the identity of Jesus Christ through the words of Jesus, Peter, Paul and John. It compares the biblical titles Christ, Son of God, Lord, Mediator, Advocate and Intercessor with the later expression “God from God, True God from True God,” and asks where Scripture teaches that confession.

Show me where Jesus teaches that identity.

Show me where Peter preaches it.

Show me where Paul defines the one God as the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Show me where John says his Gospel was written so that we would believe Jesus is God from God.

And if Jesus is already our Advocate, Mediator and Intercessor:

WHY SHOULD CHRISTIANS INVOKE MARY AS ADVOCATE OR MEDIATRIX?

Show me where Jesus commands it.

Show me where the apostles practise it.

Show me where the first Christians are instructed to pray to Mary.

These are biblical questions.

They deserve biblical answers.


CONCLUSION — TEST EVERYTHING AGAINST SCRIPTURE

I respect Mary.

Scripture calls her blessed, and so do I.

But the biblical Mary said:

“My soul magnifies the Lord. My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior.”

Luke 1:46–47

Mary pointed toward God her Savior.

And Scripture points Christians toward Jesus Christ as their mediator and advocate.

Therefore I believe Christians should honour Mary exactly as Scripture honours her — without assigning her additional heavenly functions for which I can find no apostolic command.

Likewise, I believe Jesus should be confessed exactly according to the identity revealed by Scripture.

Peter confessed:

“YOU ARE THE CHRIST, THE SON OF THE LIVING GOD.”

Matthew 16:16

John wrote:

“JESUS IS THE CHRIST, THE SON OF GOD.”

John 20:31

Jesus prayed to his Father:

“YOU, THE ONLY TRUE GOD.”

John 17:3

Paul declared:

“ONE GOD, THE FATHER.”

1 Corinthians 8:6

And Paul declared:

“ONE MEDIATOR BETWEEN GOD AND MEN,

THE MAN CHRIST JESUS.”

1 Timothy 2:5

For me, these declarations must remain the foundation.

No church council, creed, tradition, pope, priest, pastor — or even my own interpretation — should be permitted to override what Scripture actually says.

The issue is too serious.

If Paul warned us about another Jesus, then we must make certain we have the Jesus the apostles preached.

If God commands us to flee from idolatry, we should not dismiss questions about religious invocation and images as unimportant.

And if God has already given us His Son as our Mediator, Advocate and Intercessor, then I believe we should go through Jesus Christ directly to:

HIS GOD AND FATHER.

ONE GOD.

ONE MEDIATOR.

JESUS THE CHRIST, THE SON OF GOD.

Research by Simon Brown

wwwrealdiscoveriesorg-simon.blogspot.com

RELATED ARTICLES: 

Quick Facts: Archbishop of Canterbury Preaches a FALSE Christ! — Justin Welby

John 1:1

Hebrews 1:10 – Did God Really Say to the Son, “You Laid the Foundation of the Earth”?